產品供給顧客之附加服務或利益,是產品三個層次中的哪一種?
(A)正規產品
(B)引伸產品
(C)核心產品
(D)有形產品
答案:登入後查看
統計: A(49), B(14991), C(765), D(118), E(0) #172868
統計: A(49), B(14991), C(765), D(118), E(0) #172868
詳解 (共 9 筆)
#776073
一個完整的產品規劃包含了哪三個層次
(A)核心產品、有形產品、無形產品
(B)核心產品、有形產品、延伸產品
(C)核心產品、無形產品、延伸產品
(D)有形產品、無形產品、延伸產品
(A)核心產品、有形產品、無形產品
(B)核心產品、有形產品、延伸產品
(C)核心產品、無形產品、延伸產品
(D)有形產品、無形產品、延伸產品
答案B
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#2641926
產品的五個層次
提供容易理解的方法
到飯店主要是休息、睡覺(核心產品)
房間裡面提供基本設備床、浴室(基本產品)
希望早上睡起來飯店有提供免費早餐(期望產品)
飯店如果還有SPA設備更好(延伸產品/擴大產品)
房客要離開時額外提供都市導覽服務(潛在產品)
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#953607
產品三層次
核心產品(core product)
係指產品能提供消費者的核心利益(benefits),或解決問題的服務,即:消費者真正需要的是什麼?行銷人員應該找出隱藏在產品表面下的真正需求,針對它賣出核心利益,而不是產品特性(features)。
有形產品(actual product)
係指將核心產品轉化為有形實體物品或服務。有形產品通常具有五種特徵:品質水準、產品特性、品牌名稱、形式、包裝。
引申產品(augmented product)
係指廠商能提供消費者在實體商品之外更多的服務與利益,例如:免費安裝、檢修服務等。這項觀念使企業行銷人員必須考慮消費者的整體消費系統(consumption system),提供超乎消費者預期的服務,給予完整的滿足感,藉以提高消費者的滿意度及再購率。
核心產品(core product)
係指產品能提供消費者的核心利益(benefits),或解決問題的服務,即:消費者真正需要的是什麼?行銷人員應該找出隱藏在產品表面下的真正需求,針對它賣出核心利益,而不是產品特性(features)。
有形產品(actual product)
係指將核心產品轉化為有形實體物品或服務。有形產品通常具有五種特徵:品質水準、產品特性、品牌名稱、形式、包裝。
引申產品(augmented product)
係指廠商能提供消費者在實體商品之外更多的服務與利益,例如:免費安裝、檢修服務等。這項觀念使企業行銷人員必須考慮消費者的整體消費系統(consumption system),提供超乎消費者預期的服務,給予完整的滿足感,藉以提高消費者的滿意度及再購率。
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#952441
核心 …產品中心價值
有形 …看得到的產品本身
延伸 …附加的服務或利益
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#1171310
產品的五個層次
1.核心利益層
即向消費者提供的產品基本效用和利益,也是消費者真正要購買的利益和服務。消費者購買某種產品並非是為了擁有該產品實體,而是為了獲得能滿足自身某種需要的效用和利益。如洗衣機的核心利益體現在它能讓消費者方便、省力、省時地清洗衣物。
2.實體產品層
也可稱為一般產品層。產品核心功能需依附一定的實體來實現,,即產品的基本形式,主要包括產品的構造外型等
3.期望產品層
是消費者購買產品時期望的一整套屬性和條件,如對於購買洗衣機的人來說,期望該機器能省事省力地清洗衣物,同時不損壞衣物,洗衣時噪音小,方便進排水,外型美觀,使用安全可靠等。
4.附加產品層
附加產品批產品包含的附加服務和利益,主要包括運送、安裝、調試、維修、產品保證、零配件供應、技術人員培訓等。附加產品來源於對消費者需求的綜合性和多層次性的深入研究,要求營銷人員必須正視消費者的整體消費體系,但同時必須注意因附加產品的增加而增加的成本消費者是否願意承擔的問題。
5.潛在產品層
潛在產品預示著該產品最終可能的所有增加和改變。
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#1400951
西元1967年,Philip T. Kotler在 Marketing Management的著作中,提出:
(一)Core benefit
(二)Basic product
(三)Expected product
(四)Augmented product
(五)Potential product
坊間的參考書、網路上的論文等資料,對於(四)Augmented的翻譯,大抵有(擴增、擴大、延伸、引申、附加)這五種翻譯,內容更是論敘不一,建議依原著P.T.Kotler為本,下面有附原著資料來源。
另外今年自來水的考試,有出一題如下:(經申訴,回覆因各學者定義不同,考試無指定教材,所以選附加或延伸都給分。)
49.在行銷規劃中,產品是一種包容性的觀念,分為不同的產品層次。請問「產品的運送、安裝、品質保證與售後服務」屬於下列何者?(答案3、4)
(1) 核心產品 (2) 有形產品 (3) 延伸產品 (4) 附加產品 105 自來水評價人員考試-企業管理
節錄5 種產品層次的原文如下:
The most fundamental level is the core benefit: the fundamental service or benefit that the customer is really buying. A hotel guest is buying “rest and sleep”; the pur-chaser of a drill is buying “holes.” Effective marketers therefore see themselves as providers of product benefits, not merely product features.
At the second level, the marketer has to turn the core benefit into a basic product.
Thus, a hotel room includes a bed, bathroom, towels, and closet. At the third level, the marketer prepares an expected product, a set of attributes and conditions that buyers normally expect when they buy the product. Hotel guests expect a clean bed,
fresh towels, and so on. Because most hotels can meet this minimum expectation, the traveler normally will settle for whichever hotel is most convenient or least expensive.
At the fourth level, the marketer prepares an augmented product that exceeds customer expectations. A hotel might include a remote-control television set, fresh flowers, and express check-in and checkout. Today’s competition essentially takes place at the product-augmentation level. (In less developed countries, competition takes place mostly at the expected product level.) Product augmentation leads the marketer to look at the user’s total consumption system: the way the user performs the tasks of getting, using, fixing, and disposing of the product.2 As Levitt notes: “The new competition is not between what companies produce in their factories, but between
what they add to their factory output in the form of packaging, services, advertising, customer advice, financing, delivery arrangements, warehousing, and other things that people value.”3 However, product augmentation adds cost, so the marketer must determine whether customers will pay enough to cover the extra cost (of remote-control television in a hotel room, for example). Moreover, augmented benefits soon become expected benefits, which means that competitors have to search for still other features and benefits. And as companies raise the price of their augmented product, some competitors can offer a “stripped-down” version of the product at a much lower price.
Thus, the hotel industry has seen the growth of fine hotels offering augmented products (Four Seasons, Ritz Carlton) as well as lower-cost lodgings offering basic products (Motel Six, Comfort Inn). At the fifth level stands the potential product, which encompasses all of the possible augmentations and transformations the product might undergo in the future.
Here, a company searches for entirely new ways to satisfy its customers and distinguish its offer. As one example, Marriott’s TownePlace Suites all-suite hotels represent an innovative transformation of the traditional hotel product.
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#969211
核心產品>一般產品>期望產品>擴大產品>潛在產品
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