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115年 - 115-1 專技高考_醫事放射師:放射線治療原理與技術學#137343(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_牙醫師(二):牙醫學(五)(包括全口贗復學、局部贗復學、牙冠牙橋學、咬合學等科目及其相關臨床實例與醫學倫理)#137342(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_藥師(二):藥學(五)(包括藥物治療學)#137341(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_牙醫師(一):牙醫學(二)(包括口腔病理學、牙科材料學、口腔微生物學、牙科藥理學等科目及其臨床相關知識)#137340(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_牙醫師(二):牙醫學(三)(包括齒內治療學、牙體復形學、牙周病學等科目及其相關臨床實例與醫學倫理)#137339(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_醫師(二):醫學(五)(包括外科、骨科、泌尿科等科目及其相關臨床實例與醫學倫理)#137338(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_牙醫師(二):牙醫學(六)(包括齒顎矯正學、兒童牙科學、牙科公共衛生學等科目及其相關臨床實例與醫學倫理)#137337(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_醫師(二):醫學(四)(包括小兒科、皮膚科、神經科、精神科等科目及其相關臨床實例與醫學倫理)#137336(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_醫事放射師:核子醫學診療原理與技術學#137335(80題)

115年 - 115-1 專技高考_醫師(二):醫學(六)(包括麻醉科、眼科、耳鼻喉科、婦產科、復健科等科目及其相關臨床實例與醫學倫理)#137334(80題)

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7. Please briefly explain the meaning of the following abstract and describe what your next step would be if you were the author?"Aluminum (Al) toxicity in acid soils poses a sicant threat to rice, which exhibits highly complex genetic mechanisms for both extemal detoxification and internal tolerance among cereal crops. several genes involved Al tolerance have been identified, the molecular mechar underlying Al tolerance in rice remain to be fully explored. Here, we functionally characterized the gibberellin-stimulated transcription gene OsGASRI, which encodes a small cysteine-rich peptide localized to the nucleus and cytoplasm and plays a significant role in AI tolerance in rice. The expression ASR1 is rapidly up-regulated by Al in rice root tips but not in the shoots. Its expression requlated by the central regulator Aluminum Resistance Transcription Factor 1 (ART), indicating that OsGASR1 functions as a novel gene in rice Al resistance independent of ART1. Knockout of OsGASR1 reduced root length but did not affect Al tolerance in rice, whereas overexpression of OsGASR1 enhanced tolerance without affecting Al distribution and accumulation and promoted the accu reactive oxygen species (ROS) in the root tips. RNA-seg analysis revealed that overexpression of OsGASR1 uprequlated the expression of genes associated with cell wall modification, oxidative stress, AI tolerance. Collectively, these findings suggest that OsGASR1 is involved in Al tole dently of ART1, and the up-regulation of this gene is necessary for rice Al tolerance. i. 2025 Jan:350:112294. doi: 10.1016/j plantsci.2024.112294. Epub 2024 Oct 15.)

6. Plants have various types of interactions with other organisms. Provide examples of common alistic, parasitic, and competive relationships between plants and other organisms, and explain these relationships affect plant survival and evolution. (15 point)

5.Genetic variation is the basis of evolution. Discuss the main mechanisms that generate genetic variation in plants, including mutation, genetic recombination, and chromosomal variation. Explain how genetic variation plays a role in plant evolution. (15 point)

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