| 申論題 | 1. Normal body temperature is 98.6 °F. Calculate the corresponding temperature in degrees Celsius; and in Kelvin units. |
| 申論題 | 2. Calculate the number of grams of O2 that will react with 1.00 mol of C3H8. |
| 申論題 | 3. Are the following processes exothermic or endothermic? 【題組】 (a). Fuel oil is burned in a furnace. |
| 申論題 | 【題組】 (b). C6H12O6(S)→ 2C2H5OH(i) + 2C02(g)，△H= -16 kcal |
| 申論題 | 【題組】 (c). N2O5(g) + H20(l) + 2HN03(i) → 2HN03(1) +18.3 kcal |
| 申論題 | 【題組】 (d). N2(g) + 202(g) + 16.2 kcal→2NO2(g) |
| 申論題 | 4. The density of ethanol at 20°C is 0.789 g/mL. What is its specific gravity? |
| 申論題 | 5. What is the mass number of an atom containing: 【題組】 (a). 58 protons, 58 electrons, and 78 neutrons, |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(b). 17 protons, 17 electrons, and 20 neutrons? |
| 申論題 | 6. Which formulas are not correct? For each that is not correct, write the correct formula. 【題組】(a). Ammonium phosphate; (NH4)2PO3 |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(b). Barium carbonate; Ba2CO3 |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(c). Aluminum sulfide; AI2S3 |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(d). Magnesium sulfide; MgS |
| 申論題 | 7. Suppose 12 g of C is mixed with 64 g of O2, and the following reaction takes place: C(S) + O2 (g) + CO2 (g)
【題組】(a).Which reactant is the limiting reagent and which reactant is in excess? |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(b). How many grams of CO2 will be formed? |
| 申論題 | 8. In an experiment forming ethanol, the theoretical yield is 50.5 g. The actual yield is 46.8 g. What is the percent yield? |
| 申論題 | 9. If we dissolve 18.0 g of Li2O (molar mass = 29.9 g/mol) in sufficient water, to make 500.0 mL of solution, what is the molarity of the solution? |
| 申論題 | 10. Balance each equation.
|
| 申論題 | 一、解釋名詞(每題 5%，共 25%) 【題組】1. Cachexia |
| 申論題 | 【題組】2. Nutrigenomics |
| 申論題 | 【題組】3. Hepatosteatosis |
| 申論題 | 【題組】4. GLUT |
| 申論題 | 【題組】5. Goitrogen |
| 申論題 | 二、問答題(共 75%) 1. 2010 年 6 月衛生署公布 2009 年臺灣地區十大死因。排名前三位的死因是什麼？分別說明它們和飲食營養的 關係。(18%) |
| 申論題 | 2. 在經費與人力的無限供應下，你如何評估孕婦的營養狀況？(12%) |
| 申論題 | 3. 國內立法院通過的營養相關法案有哪些？未來可推動哪些比較迫切的營養相關法案？(15%) |
| 申論題 | 4. 以下二表格摘錄自“Uchiyama S et al.發表於 Nutrition (2011) 27: 287–292 之論文 Prevention of diet-induced
obesity by dietary black tea polyphenols extract in vitro and in vivo”。請依據所提供的資料回答以下問題：   【題組】 (1)請將本論文題目翻譯為中文，並解釋 in vitro 與 in vivo 的意義，同時說明 black tea polyphenol extract (BTPE) 內可能包含之活性組成。(10%) |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(2)請詳細說明 Table 2 所呈現的結果。(6%) |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(3)請敘述本研究可能隻實驗設計與結論.並針對此結論提供可能的解釋與說明(14%) |
| A | 1. 在糖質新生作用(gluconeogenesis)中，哪一個速率調節步驟的酵素活性調控，幾乎僅受到受質濃度影響？ (A) glucose-6-phosphatase (B) pyruvate carboxylase (C) glucose-6-phosphate dehydrogenase (D) fructose-1,6-bisphosphatase |
| D | 2. 有關楓糖漿尿症(maple syrup urine disease)的敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A) 是因遺傳性的酵素缺陷 (B) 在血液或尿中有高量的 valine, leucine 與 isoleucine 或其相對的 α-酮酸 (C) 需要限制富含 valine, leucine 與 isoleucine 等的蛋白質之攝取 (D) 會使血液中 acetoacetate 與 β-hydroxybutyrate 濃度增加 |
| C | 3. 當酸性食糜由胃排至十二指腸時，主要可引起腸道分泌何種激素，進一步刺激胰臟分泌鹼性胰液而中和之？ (A) 血管活性腸肽(vasoactive intestinal peptide) (B) 胃泌素(gastrin) (C) 胰泌素(secretin) (D) 胃抑胜肽(gastric inhibitory peptide) |
| D | 4. 有關胃泌素(gastrin)刺激胃酸分泌的機轉之敘述，下列何者錯誤？ (A) 以直接刺激壁細胞(parietal cell)分泌胃酸 (B) 可以刺激似腸親鉻細胞(enterochromaffin-like cell)分泌組織胺(histamine)，進而刺激壁細胞分泌胃酸 (C) 可以增加壁細胞內鈣離子之濃度，進而活化氫-鉀幫浦(H+ -K+ pump) (D) 可以直接活化氯離子通道(Cl– channel) |
| A | 5. 攝食豆類後常有的脹氣現象，是由於豆類中的那一種糖被大腸中細菌代謝產氣所致？ (A) 水蘇糖(stachyose) (B) 葡萄糖 (C) 乳糖 (D) 果糖 |
| D | 6. 生蛋白中的何種成分會阻礙生物素之吸收？ (A) albumin (B) collagen (C) casein (D) avidin |
| C | 7. 腎病患攝食太多的磷，使得過量的磷無法排泄，導致血液中磷濃度提高時，會促進何種激素分泌，造成骨質流 失？ (A) aldosterone (B) thyroid hormone (C) parathyroid hormone (D) antidiuretic hormone |
| D | 8. 減肥期間，身體代謝生成的酮體可提供為下列那些組織所利用？① 肝 ② 腎 ③ 腦 ④肌肉 (A) ①+② (B) ①+④(C) ③+④ (D) ②+③ |
| D | 9. 下列何種血液生化檢驗值升高可能代表身體處於高代謝狀態的急性發炎反應期？ (A) homocysteine (B) prealbumin (C) albumin (D) C-reactive protein |
| A | 10.瘦體素(leptin)是由那一部位合成分泌？ (A) 脂肪組織 (B) 心臟 (C) 胰臟 (D) 肌肉組織 |
| D | 11.糖尿病病患的高滲透壓非酮酸性昏迷，不具酮體生成原因為何？ (A) 代謝迅速 (B) OAA 足夠 (C) 水合作用 (D) 具有足夠胰島素 |
| C | 12.有關血清脂蛋白的功能敘述，下列何者正確？ (A) HDL 可將膽固醇帶到周邊組織，提供組織合成細胞膜 (B) LDL 可由周邊組織帶走多餘的膽固醇到肝臟代謝 (C) HDL2 的增加有助於動脈硬化的預防 (D) VLDL 的直徑比 HDL |
| B | 13.一個人盡全力地跑百米競賽時，其腿部肌肉所消耗的能量來源，主要是原貯存在肌肉中的何種營養素？ (A) 葡萄糖 (B) 肝醣(glycogen) (C) 脂肪 (D) 乳酸 |
| 申論題 | 二、問答題(74%) 1. 血液透析引起低血壓之因子主要有那些？(10%)
|
| 申論題 | 2. 試說明食品之主要褐色反應分類(10%)。人體糖化血色素可以判定過去血糖控制的狀況是屬於哪一種褐變反應？ (4%) |
| 申論題 | 3. 慢性阻塞性肺部疾病(chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, COPD)的特徵是慢性漸進性的呼吸道阻塞，請就您營養
專業回答下列問題。 【題組】 (1)病人可能出現何種營養狀況？(10% |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(2)有關熱量及各式營養素的攝取，應給予病人何種建議？(15%) |
| 申論題 | 4. 維持血鈣平衡對於人體正常生理運作相當重要，當血鈣濃度下降時，人體如何因應來調控及維持？請回答以下
問題。 【題組】 (1)副甲狀腺素(parathyroid hormone)分泌如何改變？(7%) |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(2)副甲狀腺素影響血鈣濃度的機制為何?副甲狀腺素對Vitamin D有何作用?(10%) |
| 99 | 1. A breakfast cereal labeled as organic must (A) have at least 70% of its ingredients meet organic standards. (B) have at least 95% of its ingredients meet organic standards. (C) be made from all natural ingredients. (D) contain no food additives. |
| 99 | 2. Insufficient intake of dietary carbohydrate is a condition called ketosis. Ketosis may result from (A) starvation. (B) a diet of less than 50-100 grams of carbohydrate per day. (C) untreated diabetes mellitus. (D) All of these choices are correct. |
| 99 | 3. The most common micronutrient deficiencies worldwide are (A) vitamin C, vitamin A, iron. (B) iron, vitamin D, calcium. (C) vitamin C, calcium, iron. (D) vitamin A, iron, iodine. |
| 99 | 4. The_layer of the GI tract wall contains glands, blood vessels and nerves, whereas the__ layer is the outermost layer that protects the GI tract. (A) mucosa, muscle (B) serosa, submucosa (C) submucosa, muscle (D) submucosa, serosa |
| 99 | 5. Which of the following is a non-carbohydrate component of dietary fibers? (A) glycogen (B) pectin (C) cellulose (D) lignin |
| 99 | 6. If no glucose is available from dietary carbohydrate, glucose in the blood may be derived from (A) muscle glycogen and liver glycogen. (B) triglyceride breakdown. (C) muscle glycogen and fatty acids. (D) sugar alcohols. |
| 99 | 7. Which of the following dietary fibers are classified as water soluble? (A) Pectins and mucilages (B) Pectin and lignins (C) Hemicellulose, cellulose, lignins (D) Mucilages and psyllium seeds |
| 99 | 8. An increased fiber intake within recommended guidelines may (A) decrease risk of diabetes. (B) lower blood lipid levels. (C) decrease risk of certain cancers. (D) all of these choices are correct. |
| 99 | 9. Which of the following foods has the highest glycemic index? (A) Bananas (B) Apple (C) Baked potato (D) White bread |
| A | 10. Which of the following groups of foods would contribute a substantial amount of monounsaturated fatty acids to the diet? (A) Olive oil, peanut oil, canola oil (B) Beef franks, bologna, ham (C) Swiss cheese, cheddar cheese, blue cheese (D) Bacon, eggs, butter |
| 99 | 11. The main difference between fats and oils is that fats are (A) liquid at room temperature. (B) solid at room temperature. (C) structures containing only saturated fatty acid. (D) structures with equal proportions of unsaturated and saturated fatty acids. |
| 99 | 12. Oxidized LDL (low density lipoproteins) in the blood are picked up by (A) B100 receptor. (B) Macrophages (scavenger cells). (C) B48 receptor. (D) No cell can pick up oxidized LDL. |
| 99 | 13. Which of the following conditions would result in negative nitrogen balance? (A) recovery from injury (B) weight training (C) pregnancy (D) Cushing's disease |
| B | 14. Edema in the lower extremities may appear when there is a severe lack of dietary protein because (A) sodium is retained in the body. (B) blood protein levels drop and fluid shifts into interstitial spaces. (C) blood protein levels increase and force fluid into the cells. (D) the kidneys cannot excrete the extra fluid. |
| 99 | 15. The biological value of a food protein is a measure of (A) how much of the food one eats. (B) the total amount of nitrogen in the blood. (C) how closely the amino acid distribution in the food meets the amino acid needs of body tissues. (D) the weight gained by a growing rat after eating the food protein for 10 days. |
| 99 | 16. Which is true about the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)? (A) They apply to people in Canada and the U.S. (B) They differ by age group. (C) They include Recommended Dietary Allowances and Tolerable Upper Intake Levels. (D) They were created by the Food and Nutrition Board (E) All answers are true. |
| B | 17. Fatty acids cannot be converted to glucose because (A) they lack sufficient energy. (B) as acetyl-CoA they enter the citric acid cycle and can never reform pyruvate. (C) acetyl-CoA can be synthesized only from amino acid skeletons, not fatty acid skeletons. (D) they enter the citric acid cycle as propionyl-CoA. |
| B | 18. Wemicke-Korsakoff Syndrome is the_deficiency disease that results from severe alcohol abuse. (A) vitamin A (B) thiamin (C) niacin (D) vitamin B-12 |
| 99 | 19. The electron transport chain is a series of biochemical reactions that transfers the energy in NADH and FADH2 to (A) ADP + Pi to form ATP. (B)H2O (C) iron and copper. (D) oxygen. |
| 99 | 20. When muscle tissue is exercising under anaerobic conditions, the production of_is important because it assures a continuous supply of NAD (A) Glucose-6-phosphate (B) Pyruvate (C) Lactate (D) Glycogen |
| E | 21. Fasting or starvation accelerates (A) gluconeogenesis. (B) ketone body production. (C) body protein breakdown. (D) body fat breakdown. (E) All of these choices are accurate. |
| 99 | 22. Basal energy needs include energy for (A) respiration, circulation, and digestion. (B) respiration, activity, and the thermic effect of food. (C) circulation, maintenance of muscle tone, and digestion. (D) respiration, circulation, and maintenance of body temperature. |
| 99 | 23. Control of satiety is located in a part of the brain (A) called the pituitary. (B) called the cortex. (C) called the hypothalamus. (D) designated the "appetite center." |
| B | 24. The major goal for weight reduction in the treatment of obesity is the loss of (A) weight. (B) body fat. (C) body water. (D) body protein. |
| 99 | 25. The essential difference between anorexia and bulimia (A) is age of onset. Bulimia begins in early childhood. (B) is gender. Men are far more likely to suffer from anorexia nervosa when they enter their teens, (C) is that anorexia patients are much more secretive, while bulimia patients are much more open about their eating disorder. (D) is that the bulimic turns to food during a crisis or problem whereas the anorexic turns away from food. |
| 99 | 26. The current RDA for vitamin A is expressed in (A) International Units (IU). (B) Retinol Activity Equivalents (RAE). (C) Alpha-Tocopherol Equivalents (ATE). (D) none of these answers are correct. |
| 99 | 27. The disadvantage of anaerobic glycolysis in high intensity muscle contractions is that (A) the heart muscle "soaks" up most of the lactic acid for its energy needs. (B) ATP production cannot be sustained for long events. (C) the production of excessive amounts of CO2 and H2O interferes with exercise. (D) ATP is needed for digestion, |
| 99 | 28. In order to build up maximum stores of muscle glycogen for long-distance marathons, one should consume a__diet. (A) high-carbohydrate (B) high-protein (C) high-fat (D) high-energy |
| 99 | 29. Individuals at risk of vitamin D deficiency include all of the following except (A) elderly persons living in nursing homes (B) dark-skinned children with limited outdoor activity (C) elderly who eat high amounts of fatty fish and fish oils. (D) individuals with diseases of fat-malabsorption. |
| 99 | 30. Newborns usually receive an injection of vitamin_to protect them against deficiency until their gastrointestinal tract has matured. (A) A (B) D (C) B (D) K |
| 申論題 | 1.請問人體長期缺乏那些營養素時會導致貧血，並且說明這些營養素缺乏時所引起貧血的症 狀有何不同？ |
| 申論題 | 2.請問營養素與保健食品有何不同？ |
| 申論題 | 3.與骨質健康有關的營養素有哪些？並請說明這些營養素在骨質健康上扮的生理功能。 |
| 申論題 | 4.請寫出造成下列缺乏症之相關營養素？
【題組】 (A) goiter |
| 申論題 | 【題組】 (B) rickets |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(C) night blindness |
| 申論題 | 【題組】 (D) beriberi |
| 申論題 | 【題組】(E) pellagra |
| 99 | 1. The main function of vitamins is to (A) provide the main structural building blocks of the body. (B) provide essential fatty acids. (C) enable chemical reactions in the body to occur. (D) improve digestion processes. |
| 99 | 2. Which nutrients are organic compounds? (A) water and carbohydrates (B) carbohydrates and protein (C) fats and minerals (D) water and minerals |
| 99 | 3. If a total of 2000 kcal were consumed (250 grams of carbohydrates, 66 grams of fat, and 102 grams of protein), what percentage of energy comes from carbohydrates, fat, and protein? (A) 30% carbohydrate, 50% fat, and 20% protein (B) 50% carbohydrate, 35% fat, and 15% protein (C) 20% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 50% protein (D) 50% carbohydrate, 30% fat, and 20% protein |
| C | 4. Factors that affect the amount of nutrients in foods include (A) farming conditions. (B) ripeness of plants when harvested. (C) cooking processes. (D) length of time food is stored. (E) All of these factors affect nutrient content of foods |
| 99 | 5. MyPlate includes which food group? (A) Dairy (B) Vegetables (C) Protein foods (D) Fruits (E) All of the above |
| C | 6. The main structural material of the body is (A) lipid. (B) carbohydrate. (C) protein. (D) minerals. |
| 99 | 7. Cross-contamination of food occurs when (A) two or more microorganisms grow in the same food.(B) two or more food handlers work on the same food .(C) a utensil contaminated with a microorganism from a previously handled food contacts a second food.(D) perishable foods are kept at room temperature for more than 2 hours. |
| 99 | 8. Mad cow disease (A) causes a fatal brain disease in cows (B) is very common in the U.S. and Canada. (C) is caused by a parasite found in animal feed.(D) is easily transmitted to humans. |
| B | 9. The principal sugar found in milk is (A) sucrose. (B) lactose. (C) dextrose. (D) maltose. |
| B | 10. While_suppresses gluconeogenesis,_increases glycogen breakdown. (A) glucagon; insulin (B) insulin; glucagon (C) insulin; glucose (D) cortisol; glucagon |
| 99 | 11. Amylose and amylopectin contain_bonds, which are responsible for the digestibility of these starches. (A) alpha (B) beta (C) alpha and beta (D) Gamma |
| 99 | 12. When increasing fiber intake, always (A) take a fiber supplement. (B) increase fluids. (C) use simple carbohydrates. (D) increase protein intake also. |
| D | 13. Many factors influence food choices. Which factor relates to the knowledge, beliefs, religion, and traditions shared by a group of people? (A) food marketing (B) lifestyle (C) education and occupation (D) culture |
| 99 | 14. Which of the following correctly characterizes lipids? (A) They do not dissolve in water. (B) They contain carbon, hydrogen, and nitrogen. (C) They dissolve in water. (D) They are all classified as sterols. |
| 99 | 15. Cholesterol is (A) not essential in the diet; the human body can synthesize it. (B) not found in foods of plant origin. (C) an important part of human cell membranes and is necessary to make some hormones. (D) All of these choices are correct. |
| 99 | 16. In metabolism，glucose is degraded to CO2 and water. The carbon dioxide is produced in (A) the red blood cells. (B) the citric acid cycle. (C) glycolysis. (D) the electron transport chain. |
| 99 | 17. The 4 primary types of tissue are (A) epithelial, connective, muscle, and nervous. (B) gastrointestinal, cardiovascular, muscle, and immune. (C) gastrointestinal, endocrine, nervous, and cardiovascular. (D) skeletal, muscle, endocrine, and cardiovascular. |
| B | 18. In fatty acid synthesis, the "starting" molecule is (A) glycerol. (B) acetyl-CoA (C) ATP. (D) pyruvate. |
| 99 | 19. The maintenance of mucus-forming cells depends on adequate amounts of (A) vitamin D(B) vitamin C (C) vitamin A (D) vitamin K. |
| 99 | 20. When the carbon skeleton of an amino acid is oxidized for energy, the amino group is removed and sent to the liver to produce (A) ammonia. (B) protein. (C) urea. (D) albumin. |
| 99 | 21. Typical daily urine output in a healthy individual is within the range of (A) 400 - 600 milliliters. (B) 1 - 2 liters. (C) 2 - 4 liters. (D) 3 - 5 liters. (E) 600 - 1000 milliliters. |
| D | 22. Nutrients most likely to cause toxicity if consumed in excessive amounts include (A) vitamin B-12 and vitamin K. (B) vitamin D and riboflavin. (C) vitamin A and vitamin D (D) vitamin A and vitamin E |
| 99 | 23. Protein quality is determined by all of the following EXCEPT (A) the food’s digestibility. (B) the food's cost. (C) the food's amino acid composition. (D) the food's ability to support body growth . |
| 99 | 24. Excess amounts of most fat-soluble vitamins are (A) stored in the liver or adipose tissue. (B) excreted via the kidneys. (C) stored in the pancreas. (D) all of the above are correct. |
| 99 | 25. Of the following, the best source of provitamin A is (A) fried liver. (B) baked sweet potato. (C) fresh bananas, (D) soybeans |
| A | 26. Lipoproteins are important for (A) transport of fats in the blood and lymphatic system. (B) synthesis of triglycerides. (C) synthesis of adipose tissue. (D) None of these choices are correct. |
| 99 | 27. Cooking an egg destroys its physiological property by (A) denaturation. (B) emulsification. (C) esterification. (D) detoxification. |
| E | 28. Fasting or starvation accelerates (A) gluconeogenesis. (B) ketone production. (C) body protein breakdown. (D) body fat breakdown. (E) All of these choices are correct. |
| 99 | 29. What vitamin would most likely lead to death in both deficient and toxic levels? (A) vitamin A (B) vitamin C (C) vitamin E (D) vitamin B-12 |
| 99 | 30. The hemoglobin molecule (A) contains 4 heme compounds. (B) carries oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. (C) decreases during iron deficiency anemia. (D) All of these choices are accurate. |
| C | 31. The nutrient that can be considered both a vitamin and a hormone is vitamin (A) vit E(B) vit K. (C) vit D (D) vitA |
| 99 | 32. Marasmus is characterized by (A) edema. (B) extreme weight loss and fat loss. (C) excess energy intakes. (D) allergy to cow's milk. |
| 99 | 33. Thiamin should be given to an alcoholic patient who has (A) pellagra. (B) Wemicke-Korsakoff syndrome.(C) pernicious anemia.(D) scurvy |
| 99 | 34. The B-vitamin most easily destroyed by exposure to light is (A) biotin. (B) niacin. (C) riboflavin. (D) thiamin. |
| D | 35.Bright yellow urine usually is indicative that someone is supplementing with (A) niacin. (B) vitamin A(C) vitamin K. (D) riboflavin. |
| 99 | 36. A high intake of raw egg whites (＞12 per day) can inhibit absorption of (A) folate. (B) vitamin B-12. (C) pantothenic acid. (D) biotin. |
| B | 37. In a dietary deficiency of folate, there are decreasing numbers of mature red blood cells to carry the oxygen from the lungs to the tissues. This condition is known as (A) achlorhydria.(B) megaloblastic anemia.(C) ariboflavinosis.(D) hemorrhagic disease. |
| B | 38. Ceruloplasmin is (A) a zinc-containing enzyme in the intestinal wall. (B) a copper-containing enzyme that oxidizes Fe2+ to Fe3+. (C) the storage form of iron in the liver. (D) a component of the electron transport system. |
| A | 39. Consumption of_inhibits the action of antidiuretic hormone causing increased urinary output. (A) one or two cups of coffee (B) alcoholic beverages (C) high-sodium foods (D) high-sugar beverages |
| 99 | 40. Vitamin B-12 is supplied mostly in (A) fruits and vegetables. (B) cereal grains. (C) foods of animal origin. (D) None of these answers are correct. |
| 申論題 | 二.問答題 How to modify your Lifestyle to lower blood pressure? (20%)
|