Subjects in many old photos were not smiling at the camera for two reasons. Ann Thomas, curator of photographs at the National Gallery of Canada, says, “In the early days of photography, _____15_____ existed a tradition of formality－handed down from portrait painting－in which posing for a photograph was considered a _____16_____ occasion.”
The second reason, according to Thomas, is that prior to the 1880s, photographs required long exposures. So _____17_____ the process, this could involve 20 minutes or more. This necessitated the subject remaining still, and since maintaining a smile for such an _____18_____ period was difficult, it was discouraged. The arrival of smiling faces in photos came after the invention of the snapshot in the 1880s with the introduction of the Kodak dry-plate camera. 【題組】18 (A)intended (B)extended (C)explosive (D)internal
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