Questions 19-29
Animation traditionaily is done by hand-drawing or painting successive frames of an
object, each slightly different than the preceding frame. In computer animation, although
the computer may be the one to draw the different frames, in moat cases the artist will
Line draw the beginning and ending frames and the computer will produce the drawings
5 between the first and the last drawing. This is generally referred to as computer-assisted
animation, because the computer is more of a helper than an originator.
In full computer animation, complex mathematical formulas are used to produce the
final sequence of pictures. These formulas operate on extensive databases of numbers
that define the objects in the pictures as they exist in mathematical space. The database
10 consists of endpoints, and color and intensity information. Highly trained professionals
are needed to produce such effects because animation that obtains high degrees of
realism involves computer techniques for three-dimensional transformation, shading,
and curvatures.
High-tech computer animation for film involves very expensive computer systems
15 along with special color terminals or frame buffers. The frame buffer is nothing
more than a giant image memory for viewing a single frame. It temporarily holds the image
for display on the screen,
A camera can be used to film directly from the computer's display screen, but for
the highest quality images possible, expensive film recorders are used. The computer
20 computes the positions and colors for ihe figures in the picture, and sends this information
to the recorder, which captures it on film. Sometimes, however, the images are stored on a
large magnetic disk before being sent to the recorder. Once this process is completed, it is
repeated for the next frame. When the entire sequence has been recorded on the film, the
film must be developed before the animation can be viewed. If the entire sequence does
25 not seem right, the motions must be corrected, recomputed, redisplayed, and rerecorded.
This approach can be very expensive and time consuming. Often, computer-animation
companies first do motion tests with simple computer-generated line drawings before
selling their computers to the task of calculating the high-resolution, realistic-looking
images.
【題組】21. The word "they" in line 9 refers to
(A) formulas
(B) databases
(C) numbers
(D) objects
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