On every bottle of milk that we buy, we see the word pasteurized. It is the process invented by
Louis Pasteur, to make milk free from germs and safe to drink. In 1850, life was very difficult,
especially for the poor. The streets in the cities were full of garbage, and there were rats everywhere.
These conditions helped diseases to spread and many people died. Louis Pasteur began studying
microbes. Everyone knew that meat went bad if you left it in the open air. With the help of a
microscope, you could see the microbes in the meat. But no one was sure where they came from.
Old-fashioned scientists believed they were already there. Mr. Pasteur believed they were in the air.
He thought: “If I boil meat juice, I’ll kill the microbes. So, if I put the juice in a bottle while it’s still
very hot, and keep out the air, the microbes won’t get in, and the juice won’t go bad.” Mr. Pasteur had
the answer. Louis Pasteur also wanted to kill the microbes in people. He could not boil people; he had
to find a way.
【題組】24. According to the passage, which of the following is true?
(A) Microbes were very small but could be seen without a microscope.
(B) Traditional scientists believed that microbes existed in the air.
(C) Mr. Pasteur began studying microbes before the year 1850.
(D) Louis Pasteur studied microbes to save people’s lives.
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