To produce the upheaval in the United States that changed and modernized the domain of higher education from the
mid-1860’s to mid-1880’s, three primary causes interacted. The emergence of a half-dozen leaders in education provided the
personal force that was needed. Moreover, an outcry for a fresher, more practical, and more advanced kind of instruction
__41__ among the alumni and friends of nearly all of the old colleges and grew into a movement that __42__ all
conservative opposition. The aggressive “Young Yale” movement appeared, __43__ partial alumni control, a more liberal
spirit, and a broader course of study. The graduates of Harvard College simultaneously rallied to __44__the college’s poverty
and demand new enterprise. Education was pushing toward higher standards in the East by throwing off church leadership
everywhere, and in the West by finding a wider range of studies and a new sense of public duty.
The old-style classical education received its most crushing blow in the citadel of Harvard College, __45__ Dr. Charles Eliot,
a young captain of thirty-five, son of a former treasurer of Harvard, led the progressive forces. Five revolutionary advances
were __46__ during the first years of Dr. Eliot’s administration. They were the elevation and amplification of entrance
requirements, the enlargement of the curriculum and the development of the elective system, the recognition of graduate
study in the liberal arts, the raising of professional training in law, medicine, and engineering __47__ a postgraduate level,
and the fostering of greater maturity in student life. Standards of admission __48__ in 1872-1873 and 1876-1877. __49__the
appointment of a dean to take charge of student affairs, and a wise handling of discipline, the undergraduates were led to
regard themselves more as young gentlemen and __50__ as young animals. One new course of study after another was
opened up -- science, music, the history of the fine arts, advanced Spanish, political economy, physics, classical philology, and
international law.
【題組】42.
(A) was overridden
(B) overriding
(C) was overriding
(D) overrode
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