II. Cloze
(A)
Pyotr Ilyich Tchaikovsky (1840 – 1893) was a Russian composer of the Romantic era. His
wide ranging output includes symphonies, operas, ballets, instrumental and chamber music and
songs. He wrote some of the most popular concert and theatrical music in the classical 52 ,
including the ballets Swan Lake, The Sleeping Beauty and The Nutcracker, the 1812 Overture,
his First Piano Concerto, his last three numbered symphonies, and the opera Eugene Onegin.
Born into a middle-class family, Tchaikovsky was educated for a career as a civil servant,
despite his obvious musical 53 . He pursued a musical career against the wishes of his
family, entering the Saint Petersburg Conservatory in 1862 and graduating in 1865. This
formal, Western-oriented training set him apart from the contemporary nationalistic movement
embodied by the influential group of young Russian composers known as The Five, with
whom Tchaikovsky's professional relationship was mixed.
Although he enjoyed many popular successes, Tchaikovsky was never emotionally secure,
and his life was 54 by personal crises and periods of depression. Contributory factors
were his suppressed homosexuality and fear of exposure, his disastrous marriage, and the
sudden collapse of the one enduring relationship of his adult life, his 13-year association with
the wealthy widow Nadezhda von Meck. Amid private turmoil Tchaikovsky's public reputation
grew; he was honored by the Tsar, awarded a lifetime pension and lauded in the concert halls
of the world. His sudden death at the age of 53 is generally 55 cholera, but some attribute
it to suicide.
Although perennially popular with concert audiences across the world, Tchaikovsky's
music was often 56 by American critics in the early and mid-20th century as being
vulgar and lacking in elevated thought. By the end of the 20th century, however, Tchaikovsky's
status as a significant composer was generally regarded as secure.
【題組】56. (A) dismissed (B) ignored (C) appraised (D) dispensed
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