高普考/三四等/高員級◆英文題庫下載題庫

It is easy to understand why the Greeks found geocentric cosmology so appealing. Night after night, we see celestial objects moving across the sky from east to west. Wouldn’t it be natural to assume that the Earth lies motionless at the center of the universe and that the Sun, the moon, planets, and stars revolve around it? In the 4th century B.C., Plato postulated a world system with the stationary Earth as its hub and a huge outer space that carried the planets and stars in its daily revolution. But his two-sphere configuration could not account for a particular motion of certain planets. A...
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It is easy to understand why the Greeks found geocentric cosmology so appealing. Night after night, we see celestial objects moving across the sky from east to west. Wouldn’t it be natural to assume that the Earth lies motionless at the center of the universe and that the Sun, the moon, planets, and stars revolve around it? In the 4th century B.C., Plato postulated a world system with the stationary Earth as its hub and a huge outer space that carried the planets and stars in its daily revolution. But his two-sphere configuration could not account for a particular motion of certain planets. As a rule, the planets and stars traveled together across the sky every night from east to west. But now and then, inexplicably, some planets seemed to drift backwards. Today we know that retrograde motion is an illusion caused by the fact that we observe planetary motion from a planet that is itself in motion. It never entered the mind of Eudoxus, a young contemporary of Plato’s, that the Earth could actually move. But he did try to accommodate planetary retrogression to the motionless earth by developing from the two-sphere Platonic system a model with twenty-seven spheres, one for every known planet; each was attached to another sphere whose rotation, combined with the rotation of the other planetary spheres, explained the “reversed” direction of certain heavenly bodies. 46 According to Greek cosmology, which of the following did NOT move?

我們不難理解為什麼希臘人建構的地動說會這麼迷人。夜復一夜，我們看到天體從天空的東方移到西方。這豈不是很自然地會假設地球位於宇宙的中心靜止不動，而太陽，月亮，行星和星星圍繞著它？在西元前4世紀時，柏拉圖假設世界系統是以靜止的地球為中心，而巨大的外太空則承載著行星和星星每日公轉。但是他的雙球模型無法解釋特定行星的特別動作。通常，行星和星星每晚一起從天空的東方橫跨到西方。但有時候，莫名其妙地，有些行星似乎會向後飄移。今天我們知道逆行是一種錯覺，導致這現象的原因乃我們所觀察的行星自身運動之故。地球事實上在移動的想法從未進入Eudoxus的想法中，Eudoxus是一位柏拉圖時代的當代青年。但是他試圖修正解釋對靜止不動的地球的行星逆行現象，把柏拉圖系統的雙球模型發展成二十七個球體，一個乃眾所皆知的行星；每一個與另一個球體連接，而另一個球體的旋轉，結合了與另一個行星球體的旋轉，如此解釋了某些天體的「逆行」。

根據本文，柏拉圖的世界系統看起來像什麼？

(A)一條河流

(B)一個湯匙

(C)一個帳篷

(D)一個輪子