試題詳解

19. Natural selection involves energetic trade-offs between______. 
(A) choosing how many offspring to produce over the course of a lifetime and how long to live
(B) producing large numbers of gametes when employing internal fertilization versus fewer numbers of gametes when employing external fertilization
(C) the emigration of individuals when they are no longer reproductively capable or committing suicide
(D) increasing the number of individuals produced during each reproductive episode with a corresponding decrease in parental care
(E) high survival rates of offspring and the cost of parental care