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Child development that occurs from birth to adulthood was largely ignored throughout much of history.
從出生到成年期間的兒童發展在歷史的大部分時間裡都被忽視。

Children were viewed simply as small versions of adults and little attention was paid to the many advances in cognitive abilities, language usage, and physical growth that occurs during childhood and adolescence.
孩子被簡單地視為成人的縮小版，對於童年和青春期在認知能力、語言運用以及身體成長方面的進步幾乎沒有受到關注。

Interest in the field of child development finally began to emerge early in the 20th century; however, it tended to focus on abnormal behavior.
對兒童發展領域的興趣最終在20世紀初開始出現；然而，研究重點傾向於異常行為。

Eventually, researchers became increasingly interested in other topics including typical child development as well as the influences on development.
最終，研究者逐漸對其他主題產生興趣，包括典型的兒童發展以及影響發展的因素。

Why is it important to study how children grow, learn, and change?
為什麼研究兒童如何成長、學習和變化如此重要？

An understanding of child development is essential because it allows us to fully appreciate the cognitive, emotional, physical, social and educational growth that children go through from birth and into early adulthood.
理解兒童發展至關重要，因為它使我們能夠充分理解兒童從出生到成年早期在認知、情感、身體、社交和教育方面的成長。

Some of the major theories of child development are known as grand theories; they attempt to describe every aspect of development, often using a stage approach.
一些主要的兒童發展理論被稱為“宏大理論”，它們試圖描述發展的每一個面向，通常採用階段性的方法。

Others are known as minitheories; they instead focus only on a fairly limited aspect of development, such as cognitive or social growth.
其他理論則被稱為“微型理論”，它們僅專注於發展的某一特定面向，例如認知或社交成長。