試題詳解

4. In the context of pipelined CPU architecture, which of the followings best describes how hazards, exceptions, and parallelism interact to affect the performance and correctness of program execution?
(A) Data hazards occur when parallel execution of instructions creates a dependency on the outcome of an exception, leading to incorrect program execution unless properly managed.
(B) Control hazards are resolved using speculative execution, which relies on predicting exceptions and rerouting data paths in the pipeline to maintain parallelism without stalling.
(C) Parallelism enhances the handling of exceptions by allowing the CPU to process multiple exception routines simultaneously, reducing the overall impact on execution time.
(D) Exceptions, such as interrupts or faults, are handled by temporarily suspending parallel execution, resolving the exception, and then resuming execution, potentially introducing control hazards.
(E) Structural hazards are mitigated by designing a CPU with multiple execution units, allowing for parallel execution of instructions and reducing the likelihood of pipeline stalls due to resource conflicts.