43. Which scholar is most closely associated with “dynamic assessment?”
(A) Urie Bronfenbrenner
(B) John Dewey
(C) Noam Chomsky
(D) Lev Vygotsky

39. (A) Therefore (B) As such (C) Accordingly (D) Nevertheless

40. (A) students’ (B) students (C) student’s (D) a student

41. Which of the following terms means the smallest unit of meaning in a language? (A) Phoneme (B) Morpheme (C) Syllable (D) Lemma

42. Which of the following is a type of connected speech? (A) Catenation (B) Elision (C) Assimilation (D) All of the above

44. Which of the following teaching methodologies focuses on integrating language learning with content from other academic subjects? (A) Content-based instruction (B) Communicative language teaching (C) Cross-cultural communication (D) Problem-based learning

45. Which of the following statements best reflects the use of task-based language teaching (TBLT)? (A) Feedback and correction can improve students’ accuracy. (B) Fluency can be improved through repeated and mechanical practices. (C) Students can use language authentically when focused on completing meaningful activities. (D) All of the above

46. Which of the following statements is FALSE about content and language integrated learning (CLIL) implementation? (A) The instructional language includes English and students’ first language. (B) Subject teachers need to prioritize students’ English proficiency growth. (C) English serves as a tool for students to understand academic content. (D) Visual and verbal scaffolds are imperative to ensure the quality of teaching.

47. Listening comprehension training is challenging because spoken language has lots of ________ which makes it difficult for language learners, such as “Howdy!” for “How are you doing?” (at the phonological level) or “How’s the weather today?” with the reply “Unpleasant” (at the syntactic level). (A) rate of delivery (B) clustering (C) intonation (D) reduced forms

48. English learners often find the use of prepositions confusing. Teachers can assign students to collect authentic data to examine if there are patterns in the structure of the target language. This way learners can become aware of appropriate usage within real-world contexts. Which of the following best describes this approach? (A) Performance-based assessment (B) Corpus-aided learning (C) Top-down processing (D) Schemata activation

49. Teachers hoping to improve their students’ use of spoken language often adopt activities such as read aloud, choral reading, or readers’ theater. Which of the following measures is appropriate for assessing students’ oral reading fluency? (A) Words correct per minute (B) Error rate (C) Prosody (D) All of the above