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The Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model or the "one balloon theory" described by Jim Cummins purports that proficiencies involving more cognitively demanding tasks (such as literacy, content learning, abstract thinking and problem-solving) are common across languages.
The CUP model is represented with the "dual iceberg metaphor" and is the basis of the hypothesis called the linguistic interdependence hypothesis.

https://bestofbilash.ualberta.ca/iceberg.htm...

The Common Underlying Proficiency (CUP) model or the "one balloon theory" described by Jim Cummins purports that proficiencies involving more cognitively demanding tasks (such as literacy, content learning, abstract thinking and problem-solving) are common across languages.
The CUP model is represented with the "dual iceberg metaphor" and is the basis of the hypothesis called the linguistic interdependence hypothesis.

https://bestofbilash.ualberta.ca/iceberg.html

Cummins (1996, 110-111) posits a common underlying proficiency (CUP) model in which literacy related aspects of a bilingual's proficiency in L1 and L2 are seen as common or interdependent across languages. The CUP model of the linguistic interdependence principle is illustrated in the metaphor of an iceberg.

Cummins (1996, 110-111) posits a common underlying proficiency (CUP) model in which literacy related aspects of a bilingual's proficiency in L1 and L2 are seen as common or interdependent across languages. The CUP model of the linguistic interdependence principle is illustrated in the metaphor of an iceberg.