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7 一位年輕病人剛受到胸部外傷,經救護車在事故十分鐘後送來急診室,理學檢查發現患者意識清楚 可是呼吸急快,頸部靜脈怒張,不會因深呼吸而塌陷,兩側均有清楚呼吸音,護士告知血壓只有 80/65 mmHg,脈搏為 150 次/分,下列診斷,何者是最正確答案?
(A)心包填塞(cardiac tamponade)
(B)張力性氣胸(tension pneumothorax)
(C)早期低血容性休克(hypovolemic shock)
(D)神經性休克(neurogenic shock)

答案:登入後查看
統計: A(23), B(4), C(4), D(1), E(0) #1066045

詳解 (共 2 筆)

#4419594

(治療) 治療原則包括儘早清除積液以解除心臟壓迫。一般而言,急性心包積液在100ml即可出現填塞症狀,故在緊急狀況下可先作心包腔穿刺(pericardiocentesis)

 心包斜竇是心包積液最多部位,在超音波引導下,在劍突與左肋弓緣交界處進針或左第5 肋間之心濁音界內側12 cm處進針(the insertion of a needle through the skin and into the pericardium and aspirating fluid under ultrasound guidance preferably. This can be done laterally through the intercostal spaces, usually the fifth, or as a subxiphoid approach)。然而,急性心包填塞,最有效治療方式是心包切開、引流,修補心臟出血或破損處(Following stabilization of the patient, surgery is provided to seal the source of the bleed and mend the pericardium)其他輔助治療包括輸血、輸液擴充血液容量,積極的治療可以預防休克、心肌梗塞、心律不整、心臟衰竭、室壁瘤心臟破裂或血栓形成,提高存活率。(If aggressive treatment is offered immediately and no complications arise(ex. shock, AMI or arrhythmia, heart failure, aneurysm, embolism, or rupture)

 

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#4419575

心包填塞(cardiac tamponade)--->造成阻塞性休克

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