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C. Conservation reduces petroleum imports, saves money, and reduces air pollution. In short, conservation is responsible stewardship of the environment and it makes practical sense. But its effect on global warming is less certain. Although a growing number of scientists believe the increasing amount of CO2 in the atmosphere is the major impetus behind global warming, the issue is not yet settled. For example, recent findings published in Nature conclude that the sun is more active now than at any time in the past 8,000 years. Other natural cycles may also be playing a role. Deforestation and other land use changes contribute to warming. Towns and cities and the roads that connect them form heat islands that cause significant local and even regional warming. Scientists are especially uncertain about the global warming roles of water vapor, clouds and particles in the atmosphere. Water vapor is a much more potent greenhouse gas than carbon dioxide. If the atmosphere were devoid of the warm air trapped by water vapor, the Earth would be so cold that the oceans would be frozen. Warm air can hold more water vapor than cool air. Increasing the water vapor in the atmosphere can trap more heat, thus increasing temperature. On the other hand, increasing the water vapor can also increase cloud cover, which reduces the solar irradiance that increases the temperature. The interactions of 第 6 頁，共 6 頁 these poorly understood mechanisms contribute to the uncertainty of global warming models. So does the presence of particles in the atmosphere, which can either reflect sunlight (a cooling effect) or absorb it (a warming effect). The melting of glaciers is powerful evidence that the Earth is indeed warming. Or is it? Consider Alaska’s Bering Glacier, the largest in North America. According to NASA’s Earth Observatory website, warmer temperatures and changes in precipitation over the past century have thinned the Bering Glacier by several hundred meters. Since 1900 the glacier has retreated some 7.5 miles. It seems only logical to blame the retreat of a massive glacier on global warming, but checking the temperature record suggests something else must be at work. The temperature has been measured on either side of the Bering Glacier since 1909, and the temperature record at both sites does not show obvious warming or cooling trends that are found elsewhere around the Earth. So why is the giant glacier receding? James Hansen, NASA’s primary global warming advocate, has shown that soot may be causing significant melting of global ice and snow. Major sources of soot include agricultural fires around the world, coal-burning power plants in China, cooking fires in India, and massive forest fires in Alaska, Canada, and Russia. The smoke from these fires is clearly visible in NASA satellite images. The possible role of soot in melting glaciers might someday be viewed as a major discovery, particularly if it explains the melting of glaciers, such as Bering Glacier, in the absence of any warming trends. Meanwhile, global warming advocates continue to claim that warming alone is melting glaciers. This brings us to the issue of the magnitude of global warming, for there is great controversy over the accuracy of measurements used to determine temperature trends. The central issue is that many stations that measure temperature around the world have become surrounded by development that causes an artificial warming effect. Climate modelers have attempted to remove this heat island effect, but there is controversy over their success.
【題組】48. According to the passage, which of the following is NOT true?
(A)The vague understanding of natural cycles and interactions results in the uncertainty of warming effect.
(B) The role of particles in effecting the atmosphere remains debatable in that they can raise as well as lower the temperature.
(C) The controversial estimations of temperature trends may result from warming effects generated by artificial development.
(D) The role of soot in melting glaciers proves the irrelevance of global warming to glacial receding.

答案：D
難度： 簡單
1F
讀好書 說好話 行好事 做 大三上 (2021/05/10)

為什麼巨型冰河正在消退？後面一句提到：James Hansen, NASA’s primary global warming advocate, has shown that soot may be causing significant melting of global ice and snow.

因此(D) 應該改成…proves the relevance…


C. Conservation reduces petroleum impor..-阿摩線上測驗