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IV. Reading Cloze: Select the best answer to complete the texts.

Passage 1

        The butterfly effect is a hallmark of chaotic systems. Simple systems are described by linearequations 31 , for example, increasing a cause produces a proportional increase in an effect. 32 ,chaotic systems are described by nonlinear equations, which allow for subtler and more intricateinteractions. For example, the economy is nonlinear because a rise in interest rates does not automatically produce a corresponding change in consumer spending. Weather is nonlinear 33 a change in the wind speed in one location does not automatically produce a corresponding change in another location.

            34 their name, chaotic systems are not necessarily random. In fact, many chaotic systemshave a kind of underlying order that explains the general features of their behavior 35 details at any particular moment remain unpredictable. In a sense, many chaotic systems--like the weather--are "predictably unpredictable." Our understanding of chaotic systems is increasing at a tremendous rate, butmuch remains to be learned about them.