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John B. Calhoun did a classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats in the 1960s. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water and other necessities. He allowed the rat populations to increase to approximately twice the number that could live in the enclosure without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulations communities. At the end of these experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding caused a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats. The females, the most seriously affected by the high population density, showed deviant， pathological maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pops, and, without their mothers’ care，the pops died. Under normal conditions，a mother rat would not leave her pops alone to die. The dominant male, the least affected by overpopulation, claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore，these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. They did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. Nondominant males in the experiments also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, like all the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.
【題組】 36.What is the main idea of this passage?
(A) Overpopulation results in deviant behavior in rats.
(B) Calhoun’s experiments have influenced many people.
(C) The social behavior of rats is seriously affected by overcrowding.
(D) Overall crowding, along with other factors, causes social pathology.
(E) Female rats are more easily affected by overcrowding than the male rats.

答案：A,C
難度： 困難
最佳解!
spreecat 幼兒園下 (2018/02/13)
我覺得文章第一段結尾處有段話，所以(c)可以說是結論n At the end of these experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that novercrowding cause.....觀看完整全文，請先登入
2F
RO IY 高二下 (2022/07/19)

John B. Calhoun 進行了一系列經典實驗，以確定 1960 年代人口過剩對老鼠群落的影響。在這些實驗中的每一個中，相同數量的雄性和雌性成年大鼠被放置在一個圍欄中，並提供充足的食物、水和其他必需品。他允許老鼠數量增加到大約兩倍於可以生活在圍欄中而不會因過度擁擠而承受壓力的數量。然後，他仔細觀察並記錄了這些人口過剩社區的行為。在這些實驗結束時，卡爾霍恩能夠得出結論，過度擁擠導致老鼠之間正常的社會關係破裂。受高人口密度影響最嚴重的雌性表現出異常的、病態的母性行為：它們的行為不像母鼠通常那樣。例如，母親有時會拋棄他們的爸爸，而在沒有母親照顧的情況下，爸爸就死了。在正常情況下，一隻母鼠不會讓她的持久性有機污染物獨...


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