主題:托蘭斯測試（TTCT）

From Wikipedia::: Building on J.P. Guilford's work and created by Ellis Paul Torrance, the Torrance Tests of Creative Thinking (TTCT), a test of creativity, originally involved simple tests of divergent thinking and other problem-solving skills, which were scored on four scales: Fluency. The total number of interpretable, meaningful, and relevant ideas generated in response to the stimulus. Flexibility. The number of different categories of relevant responses. Originality. The statistical rarity of the responses. Elaboration. The amount of detail in the responses. The third edition of the TTCT in 1984 eliminated the Flexibility scale from the figural test, but added Resistance to Premature Closure (based on Gestalt Psychology) and Abstractness of Titles as two new criterion-referenced scores on the figural. Torrance called the new scoring procedure Streamlined Scoring. With the five norm-referenced measures that he now had (fluency, originality, abstractness of titles, elaboration and resistance to premature closure), he added 13 criterion-referenced measures which include: emotional expressiveness, story-telling articulateness, movement or actions, expressiveness of titles, syntheses of incomplete figures, synthesis of lines, of circles, unusual visualization, extending or breaking boundaries, humor, richness of imagery, colourfulness of imagery, and fantasy.[1]   從維基百科::: JP吉爾福特的工作的基礎上，並由埃利斯保羅·托蘭斯的創造性思維，托蘭斯測試（TTCT），測試的創意，最初參與簡單的測試發散性思維和解決問題的能力，這四個尺度上都取得了創建： 流利。總數解釋的，有意義的，相關的刺激產生的想法。 靈活性。不同類別的相關對策。 匠心獨具。統計罕見的答复。 擬訂。詳細的答复中。 第三版在1984年淘汰的靈活性規模的TTCT圖形的測試，但兩個新的標準參照分數上的人物形象抗過早閉合（基於格式塔心理學）和抽象性的稱號。托蘭斯所謂的新的計分程序簡化的評分。五個常模參照的措施，他現在有（流暢性，原創性，抽象性的標題，制定和抗過早閉合），他13標準參照的措施，其中包括：情緒表現，講故事的表達能力，運動或行動，標題的表現力，不完全的統計，合成線，圓的，不尋常的可視化，延長或打破界限的合成，幽默的圖像，豐富的色彩，圖像和幻想。[1]