From the mid-1990s, “intelligence” has increasingly displaced “community” in policing discourses. In the United Kingdom, this has been the case since 1993 when the Audit Commission proposed a new policing model centered on police-informant relationships. Since then, Chief Police Officers have adopted the language of "intelligence-led policing" to describe police services. In essence, intelligence-led policing involves linking together information from a wide range of sources--from open source and publicly available information to that obtained covertly [1]in order to build up a composite[2] picture. This will highlight links between people, objects, locations and events that are essential in supporting the policing purposes described. Identifying these links enables decisions to be made about priorities and resources needed to manage risk. There was, however, a problem during the latter part of the 1990s when the relationship between intelligence-led and community policing remained unclear. The Home Office and Chief Police Officers touted [3]both simultaneously. As local police units were increasingly empowered to address local problems, Chief Police Officers were also touting an intelligence-led approach that required police to develop and tap into local informant sources. These strategies appeared disparate [4]and even contradictory. The intelligence-led approach seemed appropriate for addressing major cases involving drug trafficking [5]or terrorism whereas [6]many considered community policing to be appropriate for addressing local issues. As a result, constables [7]have generally sustained a reactive style inconsistent with either model. It was not until the turn of the millennium [8]that the National Criminal Intelligence Service (NCIS) proposed the National Intelligence Model (NIM)--a single intelligence-led approach at “nearly” all levels of policing. While there has been some recent discussion of reintegrating [9]community policing and the NIM through neighborhood safety initiatives [10]and the hiring of reassurance police officers in the past half-decade, community policing has taken a secondary role to intelligence-led approaches. [1] ad. 1. 祕密地; 偷偷摸摸地 [2] a. 1. 合成的, 復合的, 混成的 [3]偵查, 暗查 [4] 1. 不同的; 異類的 [5]非法交易(尤指毒品買賣) [6] 1. (公文用語, 常用在句首)鑑於2. 反之; 卻; 而 [7] 1. (美國鎮、區等的)警官; 治安官 [8]千禧年 [9]使再完整; 恢復; 重建 [10]主動權
寫作批改
VIP與詳解卡管理
