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主題:公民文化


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-- 此題出於本篇論文'In the name of democracy’ The paradox of democracy and press freedom in post-communist Russia (Smaele, 2002) 節錄其中內容 At a minimum, democracy is a political system based on free, competitive and regular elections. This ‘electoral’ democracy presumes space for political opposition movements and political parties that represent a significant range of voter choice and  whose leaders can openly compete for and be elected to positions of power in  government (eg.Schumpeter, 1979). 最接近的答案是A,但選項D明顯有爭議 因為Diamond說的是公民社會 而非公民文化 兩者並不同 公民文化是Almond & Verba提出的 The concept of ‘liberal’ (eg. Diamond, 1996) or ‘substantial’democracy  (eg. Kaldor & Vejvoda, 1999) extends the key element of free competition with a bunch of political and civil rights (freedom of speech,  freedom of association, freedom of religion, etc.) and the notions of the rule of law, inclusive citizenship and civil society. 資料來源:http://allnews16.pixnet.net/blog/post/91339266-%5B%E5%BF%83%E5%BE%97%5D-%E6%94%BF%E6%B2%BB%E5%AD%B8%E9%81%B8%E6%93%87%E9%9B%A3%E9%A1%8C%E8%A7%A3%E6%9E%90

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