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(二)貨幣緊縮是指，為抑制景氣過熱與物價上漲而採取的貨幣緊縮措施。貨幣緊縮是提高政策利率，減少資金供給的政策。金融緊縮會導致借貸困難並抑制經濟活動。
二、中譯日
(一) 2023 年訪日外國遊客人數為 2,500 萬人次。自 4 月取消防疫邊境措施以來，訪日外國遊客數量不斷上升，迅速恢復，以單月份計算，10 月份首次超過 2019 年同月的100%，全年累計，較 2019 年增長 78.6%，亦即 80%已經恢復。
(二) 23 市場のうち 12 市場（韓国、台湾、香港、シンガポール、インドネシア、ベトナム、インド、豪州、米国、カナダ、メキシコ、中東地域）において 12 月として過去最高の訪日外客数を記録したほか、香港、シンガポール、インドネシア、豪州では単月過去最高を更新した。特に、東アジアでは韓国や台湾、欧米豪・中東地域においては米国などで訪日外客数が増加したことが、今月の押し上げ要因となった。
請依下文回答第 46 題至第 50 題 Katsu ika odori-don isn’t for the faint of heart. Loosely translated as “dancing squid bowl,” the controversialJapanese dish came to global attention in 2010 thanks to a YouTube video that quickly became a trending topic. Thevideo depicts a headless squid sat on top of a bowl of noodles and fish eggs. A mysterious hand appears with a teapotand pours what appears to be soy sauce onto the squid. The tentacles, the long thin parts of the squid, begin making largetwisting movements wildly, granting the dish the unofficial title of “dancing zombie squid.” As strange as the dish might seem, this is a contemporary take on a method of consuming in which seafood is eatenwhile still moving, referred to as odorigui (literally “dancing eating”), in Japan. Although the squid in this case is dead,its nerve cells are aroused by the sodium in the soy sauce, which prompts the cells and commands them to fire, forcingthe muscles to contract. And while odorigui can be found across Japan, the origin of this unique phenomenon is a littlemore mysterious. The difficult-to-describe practice of odorigui – which most often involves eating tiny, live fish – likely stems fromfishing practices in port cities, with regional repetitions on the practice. “In Shizuoka, a region on central Honshu’sPacific coast, it’s whitebait or shirasu that’s the preferred moving meal,” said Dave Lowry, a Japanese-restaurant critic.“In Fukuoka, odorigui is almost exactly the same as the shiro-uo, or ice goby, a tiny, eel-like fish that goes from theocean to freshwater to produce eggs,” he added, explaining that the shiro-uo live in great quantity around Fukuoka andare eaten alive because they start to decay as soon as they die. Eye-catching novelty or not, the polarizing “dancing zombie squid” is a curious one. It’s a source of controversy tomany, who claim the creature still retains a sense of feeling. And it’s a reflection of modern Japanese culture at its finest,one that honors the freshness of the ingredient above all else. This is perhaps why the phenomenon – and subsequentspreading video – have become so popular. After all, who doesn’t delight in the simple glory that is freshly preparedfood?
【題組】 50 According to the passage, which of the following is closest in meaning to the word “polarizing”? (A) dividing (B) fascinating (C) bleeding (D) inspiring
【題組】 49 Which of the following best describes the overall tone of the passage? (A) Cynical. (B) Informative. (C) Humorous. (D) Indifferent.
【題組】 48 Which of the following best describes the main idea of the passage? (A) The origin and popularity of Katsu ika odori-don. (B) The process of preparing Katsu ika odori-don. (C) The controversy surrounding seafood consumption in Japan. (D) The cultural significance of Katsu ika odori-don in modern Japan.

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