18.
(A) when
(B) who
(C) that
(D) which

19. (A) diatribe (B) backdrop (C) chateau (D) conifer

20 (A)Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ that seem to regulate gene expression. (B) Each gene contributes only a small amount to the overall disease risk. (C) Until the past few years, scientists presumed these areas to be wastelands. (D)Pinpointing how gene variants contribute to disease, however, has been a major challenge. (E) He was involved in a number of the project’s studies, selection of which were published this week in Science.

21 (A)Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ that seem to regulate gene expression. (B) Each gene contributes only a small amount to the overall disease risk. (C) Until the past few years, scientists presumed these areas to be wastelands. (D)Pinpointing how gene variants contribute to disease, however, has been a major challenge. (E) He was involved in a number of the project’s studies, selection of which were published this week in Science.

22 (A)Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ that seem to regulate gene expression. (B) Each gene contributes only a small amount to the overall disease risk. (C) Until the past few years, scientists presumed these areas to be wastelands. (D)Pinpointing how gene variants contribute to disease, however, has been a major challenge. (E) He was involved in a number of the project’s studies, selection of which were published this week in Science.

23 (A)Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ that seem to regulate gene expression. (B) Each gene contributes only a small amount to the overall disease risk. (C) Until the past few years, scientists presumed these areas to be wastelands. (D)Pinpointing how gene variants contribute to disease, however, has been a major challenge. (E) He was involved in a number of the project’s studies, selection of which were published this week in Science.

24(A)Among the discoveries are elements buried in the genome’s ‘dark matter’ that seem to regulate gene expression. (B) Each gene contributes only a small amount to the overall disease risk. (C) Until the past few years, scientists presumed these areas to be wastelands. (D)Pinpointing how gene variants contribute to disease, however, has been a major challenge. (E) He was involved in a number of the project’s studies, selection of which were published this week in Science.

25. According to this passage, children between the ages of five and seven typically experience all of the following EXCEPT… (A) An interest in morality and rules (B) development of rational thinking (C) important changes in the brain (D) an increase in the physical growth rate

26. What can be inferred from paragraph 1 about cognitive development during the five-seven shift? (A) It is the most important period in the child’s formal education (B) It is a time when children start learning in a very simple way (C) It is related to biological development in the child’s mind (D) It is a topic of disagreement among child psychologists

27. Why does the author mention words, gestures, and pictures in paragraph 2? (A) To compare different ways of illustrating a child’s experience (B) To list things that are used in experiments with children (C) To give examples of symbols that children can understand (D) To illustrate the concept of conservation of quantity

28. The word “peak” in paragraph 2 is closest in meaning to… (A) difficult period (B) large vocabulary (C) sudden growth (D) high point

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