A fifth-grade teacher first writes the following sentences on the board to guide the class through an activity.

Look at the word play in these two sentences:
*Let’s play a game.
* Please play the new CD for me.
Look at the word fly in these two sentences:
*We like to fly kites.
*A fly is on the window.

This activity would best promote students’ ability to _______.
(A) identify and decode common homographs
(B) use structural cues to identify the meaning of words
(C) cluster new vocabularies together into meaningful groups
(D) find and use synonyms for common words

教甄◆英文科- 100 年 - 100 臺北市公立國民小學英語教師聯合甄選初試_教學知能：英語#4940

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	Coco Lee 國三上 (2012/04/27) homogra.....看完整詳解檢舉

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	3F Jaguar Chen 小一下 (2014/06/03) decode vt. 譯解(密碼) 檢舉
	4F 阿哲大四上 (2016/05/25) 18.A fifth-gradeteacherfirstwrites the followingsentences on the board to guide the classthrough an activity. 18.五年級的老師首先寫在黑板下面的句子通過活動引導學生。看看這兩句話的文字遊戲：（A）識別和解碼常見的同形異義（B）使用的結構線索來識別單詞的含義（C）群集新的詞彙組合成有意義的組（D）查找和使用常用詞的同義詞檢舉
	5F 暄暄小一上 (2018/05/06) Clusters, Digraph, Blends, and Diphthongs Clusters of either consonants or vowels add to the challenge of beginning reading learner. Sometimes the clustered letters each make a sound, in which case early readers can apply phonetic decoding strategies to read them. However, other combinations make new or unexpected sounds that must be actively taught separately. Many reading specialists recommend that these more complicated sound patterns be taught after student demonstrate solid phonetic decoding skills. Consonant Digraphs Consonant digraphs are clusters of consonants pronounced as a single s... 查看完整內容 Clusters, Digraph, Blends, and Diphthongs Clusters of either consonants or vowels add to the challenge of beginning reading learner. Sometimes the clustered letters each make a sound, in which case early readers can apply phonetic decoding strategies to read them. However, other combinations make new or unexpected sounds that must be actively taught separately. Many reading specialists recommend that these more complicated sound patterns be taught after student demonstrate solid phonetic decoding skills. Consonant Digraphs Consonant digraphs are clusters of consonants pronounced as a single sound. There are seven basic consonant digraphs; ch, ck, th, sh, ph, ng, wh. However, "ch" has three pronunciations, "ch" as in chin, "k" as in chorus, and "sh" as in chute, and "th" is pronounced with active voicing as in the or without as in thank. These discrepancies are often challenging for early readers, especially if they are also English language learners, because the sounds often resemble other letters. For example, "ph" combines to sound like [f]. Three additional digraphs occur regularly in English, "wr," "gn" and "kn." These are referred to as "ghost digraphs because the initial letter used to make a sound but no longer does. Consonant Digraphs ch, which makes the /tʃ/ sound as in watch, chick, chimpanzee, and champion ck, which makes the /k/ sound as in chick ff, which makes the /f/ sound as in cliff gh, which makes the /g/ sound as in ghost and ghastly gn, which makes the /n/ sound as in gnome and gnarled kn, which makes the /n/ sound as in knife and knight ll, which makes the /l/ sound as in wall lm, which makes the /m/ sound as in palm and calm mb, which makes the /m/ sound as in lamb and thumb ng, which makes the /ŋ/ sound as in fang, boomerang, and fingerprint ng, which makes the /nʤ/ sound as lounge nk, which makes the /ŋk/ sound as in ink, sink and rink ph, which makes the /f/ sound as in digraph, phone, and phonics qu, which makes the /kw/ sound as in quick sh, which makes the /ʃ/ sound as in shore, shipwreck, shark, and shield ss, which makes the /s/ sound as in floss ss, which makes the /ʃ/ sound as in pressure and mission th, which makes the /θ/ sound as in athlete, bathtub, thin, and thunderstorm th, which makes the /ð/ sound as in this, there, and that wh, which makes the /w/ sound as in where and which wr, which makes the /r/ sound as in write zz, which makes the /z/ sound as in fuzz and buzz Consonant Trigraphs chr, which makes the /kr/ sound as in chrome and chromosome dge, which makes the /ʤ/ sound as in dodge and partridge tch, which makes the /tʃ/ sound as in catch, match Consonant Blends Blends are consonant pairs in which each consonant makes its own sound. For example, if you listen carefully, you can hear the "b" and the "l" in blue. There are many blends in the English language. They are most often categorized into r-blends, such as "br" and "cr", s-blends, such as "sc" and "sk" and l-blends, such as "bl" and "cl." Blends are not usually a significant challenge for beginning readers. Reading blends uses a decoding strategy called blending that students are already using. Two-Letter Blends bl, which make the /bl/ sound as in blend and blight br, which make the /br/ sound as in break and brown cl, which make the /cl/ sound as in cluster and class cr, which make the /cr/ sound as in crash and cross dr, which make the /dr/ sound as in drive and drab fl, which make the /fl/ sound as in flu and flake fr, which make the /fr/ sound as in freedom and frost gl, which make the /gl/ sound as in glad and glory gr, which make the /gr/ sound as in green and gravy nd, which make the /nd/ sound as in blend and send pl, which make the /pl/ sound as in play and plow pr, which make the /pr/ sound as in prime and prowl sl, which make the /sl/ sound as in slogan and sloppy sm, which make the /sm/ sound as in small and smart sn, which make the /sn/ sound as in snail and snore sp, which make the /sp/ sound as in special and spackel st, which make the /st/ sound as in stop and start Three-Letter Blends shr, which make the /ʃr/ sound as in shroud spl, which make the /spl/ sound as in splash and splendid spr, which make the /spr/ sound as in spring and spray squ, which make the /sqw/ sound as in squid and squelch str, which make the /str/ sound as in struggle and strap thr, which make the /θr/ sound as in throw Vowel Digraphs Vowel digraphs are pairs of vowels that make one sound. The first ones taught are usually those in which the initial vowel makes its long sound and the second is silent. For example, "e" is short (ĕ) when it's by itself in men and long (ē) when it's combined with "a" in mean. The vowel digraph rule is frequently taught in schools with the saying "when two vowels go a walking, the first one does the talking." However, as with consonant digraphs, there are exceptions. For example, the "oo" in "book" is not pronounced [oh]. Despite this, vowel digraphs are usually less challenging for beginning readers than consonant digraphs. Vowel Diagraphs ai, which usually make the /eɪ/ sound as in aim, rain, braid, paint, tail, twain au, which usually make the /ɑ:/ sound as in fault, gaunt, fraud, launch, paus aw, which usually make the /ɑ:/ sound as in saw, paw, claw, dawn, and crawl ay, which usually make the /eɪ/ sound as in ray, say, stay, day, say, play, spray ea, which usually make the /i:/ sound as in eat, sea, eeah, leaf, peach, mean ea, which usually make the /ɛ/ sound as in dead, heea, spread, health, meant ea, which more rarely make the /eɪ/ sound as in break, great, steak, yea ee, which usually make the /i:/ sound as in peek, see, queen, sleep, cheese ei, which usually make the /eɪ/ sound as in veil, beige ei, which usually make the /i:/ after [s] sounds as in seize, receipt eo, which usually make the /i:/ sound as in people eu, which usually make the /ju:/ or /u:/ sound as in sleuth, deuce ew, which usually make the /ju:/ or /u:/ sound as in few, new, shrewd ey, which usually make the /i:/ sound as in key, money, valley ey, which usually make the /eɪ/ sound as in they, whey ie, which usually make the /i:/ sound as in brief, field, grieve, piece oa, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in oat, loam, groan, loathe, loaves oe, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in doe, hoe oo, which usually make the /u:/ sound as in boo, food, smooth, moose oo, which usually make the /ʊ/ sound as in book, look, good, and stood ou, which more rarely make the /u:/ sounds as in you, soup, group, rouge ow, which usually make the /oʊ/ sounds as in how, down, browse ue, which usually make the /u:/ sound as in due, rue, sue, blue, clue, flue ui, which usually make the /u:/ sound as in suit, fruit, cruise, juice, sluice Vowel & Consonant Combination Trigraphs augh, which usually make the /ɑ:/ sound as in caught, taught, daughter al+consonant, which usually make the /ɑ:/ sound as in talk, hall, scald, salt wa, which usually make the /wɑ:/ sound as in want, wash, swamp wa, which usually make the /wæ/ sound as in wax, wag, swam ua, which usually make the /wæ/ sound as in quack eigh, which usually make the /eɪ/ sound as in eight, weigh o+ll, which usually make the /ɑ:/ sound as in doll, loll o+st, which usually make the /ɑ:/ sound as in cost, lost, frost ou+l, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in soul, poultry o+ld, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in gold, scold, fold o+lk, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in folk, yolk o+ll, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in roll, knoll, scroll o+lt, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in bolt, volt o+st, which usually make the /oʊ/ sound as in ghost, most, post cy,which usually make the /-si:/ sound as in agency, fluency, efficiency ity, which usually make the /əti/ sound as in quality, ability, reality logy, which usually make the /ləʤi/ sound as in trilogy, apology, mythology graphy, which usually make the /grəfi/ sound as in photography Diphthongs Diphthongs are the vowel version of blends. Rather than following the simple digraph rule, certain pairs of vowels such as "oy" in toy act like a blend and both sounds are pronounced. If toy followed the digraph rule, it would be pronounced as toe(/ˈtoʊ/). As with consonant clusters, diphthongs can pose a significant challenge to rule-oriented beginning readers. Technically a diphthong is a vowel sound produced when the tongue moves or glides from one vowel sound toward another vowel sound in the same syllable. There are only three diphthong phonemes: Diphthongs and triphthongs when are pronounced with the diphthong phoneme /aɪ/: ei, which make the /aɪ/ sound as in heist ey, which make the /aɪ/ sound as in eye, geyser ie, which make the /aɪ/ sound as in die, tie, quiet, science ye, which make the /aɪ/ sound as in dye, rye eigh, which usually make the /aɪ/ sound as in height igh, which usually make the /aɪ/ sound as in high, thigh, night, flight, wright ign, which usually make the /aɪ/ sound as in sign, align, assign, benign ind, which usually make the /aɪ/ sound as in bind, kind, mind, grind, behind fy, which usually make the /aɪ/ sound as in notify, glorify ky, which usually make the /aɪ/ sound as in sky Diphthongs and triphthongs when are pronounced with the diphthong phoneme /aʊ/: ou, which make the /aʊ/ sound as in out, round, bounce ow, which make the /aʊ/ sound as in how, down, brow Diphthongs and triphthongs when are pronounced with the diphthong phoneme /oɪ/: oi, which make the /oɪ/ sound as in oil, coin, voice oy, which make the /oɪ/ sound as in boy, and ploy 檢舉

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A fifth-grade teacher first writes the f..-阿摩線上測驗

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Clusters, Digraph, Blends, and Diphthongs

Consonant Digraphs

Consonant Blends

Vowel Digraphs

Diphthongs