4. Which of the following nucleotide sequence is likely a recognition site of a restriction enzyme?
(A)GCTACG;
(B)ATGCTA;
(C)CTCGTG;
(D)AGATCT.

5. Collagen is an essential component of the extracellular matrix. A deficiency in which of the following nutrient will disable collagen biogenesis:(A)Vitamin A;(B)Vitamin B;(C)Vitamin C;(D)Vitamin D.

6. Which of the following amino acid is vital for suppling α-ketoglutarate to keep the flow of the TCA cycle?(A)E(B)A(C)S(D)Y

7. Eucaryotic cells uptake cholesterol buried in low-density lipoprotein (LDL) by a cellular process known as receptor-mediated endocytosis. A defect in which of the following molecule might inhibit a eukaryotic cell with normal LDL receptor to uptake LDL:(A)Caveolae;(B)Dynamin;(C)SAR1;(D)Transferrin.

8. Which of the following conditions can fully turn on the Lac operon in Escherichia coli?(A)Low glucose and lactose levels;(B)Low glucose but high lactose levels;(C)High glucose and lactose levels;(D)Low cAMP and high glucose levels.

9. Your Biology teacher gives you two human cell lines, A and B, which are in G₀ and G₁ phases of the cell cycle, respectively. Which of the following cellular event is true if these two cell lines are stimulated with growth factors to pass the restriction point?(A)Only the G₀ cell will replicate its DNA;(B)Only the G₁ cell will replicate its DNA;(C)Both cells will replicate their DNA;(D)Neither of the cells will replicate their DNA.

10. How many ATP (and GTP) molecules can be generated from the complete oxidation of one molecule of acetyl CoA through the TCA cycle and oxidative phosphorylation in the mitochondrion?(A)10;(B)12;(C)13.5;(D)14.5;(E)15.

11. Which one is incorrect?(A)The diffraction of X-rays by protein crystals can reveal a protein's exact structure.(B)Molecular structure can also be determined using nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) spectroscopy.(C)Sequence similarity can provide clues about DNA function.(D)Fusion proteins can be used to analyze protein function and to track proteins in living cells.

12. Which one is incorrect?(A)Affinity chromatography and immunoprecipitation allow identification of associated proteins.(B)Protein-DNA interactions can be identified by use of the two-hybrid system.(C)Phage display methods also detect protein interactions.(D)Protein interactions can be monitored in real time using surface plasmon resonance.

13. Which one is incorrect?(A)DNA footprinting reveals the sites where RNA binds on a DNA molecule.(B)To determine the three-dimensional structure of a protein at atomic resolution, large proteins have to be crystallized and studied by x-ray diffraction.(C)The structure of small proteins in solution can be determined by nuclear magnetic resonance analysis.(D)Because proteins with similar structures often have similar functions, the biochemical activity of a protein can sometimes be predicted by searching for known proteins that are similar in their amino acid sequences.

14. Which one is incorrect?(A)Transcription initiation by Pol I is directed by a core promoter element, which overlaps the start site, and an upstream control element (UCE). It requires two general transcription factors, SL1 and UBF.(B)Transcription initiation by RNA polymerase I is most often directed by internal promoter elements. Two general transcription factors are required to initiate transcription of tRNA genes (TFIIIC and TFIIIB); an additional factor (TFIIIA) also is required to initiate transcription of 5S-rRNA genes.(C)Transcription initiation by all three eukaryotic nuclear RNA polymerases requires a polymerase-specific general transcription factor that contains TBP as a subunit.(D)Initiation by Pol I and Pol III does not require ATP hydrolysis, whereas initiation by Pol II depends on ATP hydrolysis.

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