105年 - 105 國立嘉義大學_碩士班招生考試試題_獸醫學系：微生物學#146431

一、學術論文短文翻譯。(10分)
Taiwan had been considered rabies free since 1961. In 2013, Taiwan confirmed the detection of rabies virus in wild Taiwan ferret-badgers. Up to December 2014, there have been 423 rabies-confirmed ferret-badgers and three cases of spillover infection into non-reservoir hosts. Genetic analysis indicates that TFBV is distinct from all other known rabies virus variants. To date, ferret-badger rabies is known to occur only in China and Taiwan. The temporal dynamics of rabid ferret-badgers in Taiwan suggests that the epizootic appears to have subsided to enzootic levels as of December 2014. According to the current epidemiologic data, there is only one TFBV strain in Taiwan. TFBV is still sequestered to the mountainous regions. Humans are at risk mainly through exposure to the virus from infected domestic meso-carnivores, mainly dogs and cats. Dogs and cats should be vaccinated to establish an immunological barrier to stop the spread of the disease from mountainous regions to domestic meso-carnivores.(from Chang et. al., 2015)

二、請論述DNA與RNA病毒複製過程之突變機率及其原因。(5分)

三、導致流行性感冒病毒變異的主要途徑與原因。(5分)

四、請說明MHC class I及MHC class II所扮演的生物功能。(6分)

五、請畫出完整的IgG分子，並說明各結構及其功能。(4分)

六、請說明Gram-positive and Gram-negative bacteria細胞壁的構造與相關的附屬結構。(5分)

1. Greasy-pig disease ( )

2. Fowl cholera ( )

3. Glasser’s disease ( )

4. Q fever ( )

5. Porcine proliferative enteropathy ( )

八、歐盟已全面禁止在飼料中添加藥物來預防雞球蟲之感染，若台灣將在2018年仿效歐盟之政策，請提出因應之道及其優缺點。(10分)

九、何謂柯霍氏假說(Koch’s postulates)？(10分)

十、請列舉真核細胞(Eukaryotic cells)與原核細胞(Prokaryotic cells)的相同與相異之比較？(20分)

十一、何謂人畜共通傳染病(Zoonosis)？請列舉細菌性、病毒性與寄生蟲性之人畜共通傳染病各一種並描述可能造成的人類與動物之危害與影響？(20分)