109年 - [無官方正解]109 國立臺灣大學_ 碩士班招生考試試題：應用病理學#139119

1. Malignant tumors are characterized by the following findings, except (A) Tumors remain localized, will not spread to other sites, and are amenable to local surgical removal (B) Tumors can invade and destroy adjacent structures and spread to distant sites (metastasize) to cause death (C) Lack of differentiation (D) Pleomorphism (E) Mitoses

2. The most common cause of respiratory distress in the newborn is (A) Congenital anomalies (B) Oligohydramnios sequence (C) Hyaline membrane disease (D) Necrotizing enterocolitis (E) Fetal hydrops

3. The most important determinants of outcomes in neuroblastomas are (A) Presence of Homer-Wright pseudorosettes (B) Age and stage (C) Presence of Schwannian stroma (D) Tumors with finely fibrillar matrix (E) Tumors with calcification

4. The major risk factor for cancers of the oral cavity, larynx and esophagus is (A) Oral contraceptives (B) Environmental pollution (C) Cigarette smoking (D) Vitamin deficiencies (E) Chronic alcoholism

5. Which of the followings is not associated with hypertension? (A) Aortic dissection (B) Cerebrovascular hemorrhage (C) Hyaline arteriolosclerosis (D) Varicose veins (E) Hyperplastic arteriolosclerosis

6. The histologic manifestation of acute respiratory distress syndrome is (A) Chronic bronchitis (B) Bronchiectasis (C) Desquamative interstitial pneumonia (D) Diffuse alveolar damage (E) Granulomatous inflammation

7. The major morphologic feature of chronic rejection of the lung is (A) Bronchiolitis obliterans (B) Bronchiolitis obliterans organizing pneumonia (C) Hyaline membrane formation (D) Granulomatous inflammation (E) Caseous necrosis

8. Which of the following lung cancers is highly associated with exposure to tobacco smoke? (A) Adenocarcinoma (B) Adenocarcinoma in situ (C) Carcinoid tumor (D) Squamous cell carcinoma and small cell carcinoma (E) Lymphoepithelioma-like carcinoma

9. The disease associated with heavy exposure to asbestos is (A) Adenocarcinoma (B) Malignant mesothelioma (C) Tuberculosis (D) Asthma (E) Emphysema

10. Which of the following diseases discloses severe dysplasia, carcinoma in situ, or minimally invasive carcinoma in oral cavity? (A) Hyperkeratosis (B) Leukoplakia (C) Erythroplakia (D) Verrucous hyperplasia (E) Candidiasis

11. The tumor that consists of a mixture of ductal (epithelial) and myoepithelial cells is (A) Mucocele (B) Carcinoid tumor (C) Warthin tumor (D) Monomorphic adenoma (E) Pleomorphic adenoma

12. The most common cause of acute kidney injury is (A) Nephrotic syndrome (B) Acute tubular injury/necrosis (C) Lupus nephritis (D) Acute pyelonephritis (E) Nephrosclerosis

13. A particularly troublesome feature of renal tumors manifested by metastasizing widely before giving rise to any local symptoms or signs is (A) Angiomyolipoma (B) Papillary adenoma (C) Wilms tumor (D) Renal cell carcinoma (E) Urothelial carcinoma

14. The therapeutic effect of castration or treatment with antiandrogens, which usually induce disease regression for maintaining the growth and survival is most suitable for (A) Adenocarcinoma of prostate (B) Adenocarcinoma of lung (C) Adenocarcinoma of ovary (D) Adenocarcinoma of endometrium (E) Adenocarcinoma of intestine

15. Infertility, tubal obstruction, ectopic pregnancy, pelvic pain, and intestinal obstruction due to adhesions between the bowel and pelvic organs are the chronic sequelae of (A) Trichomonas vaginalis (B) Genital herpes simplex virus infection (C) Pelvic inflammatory disease (D) Human papilloma virus infection (E) Fungal infections

16. The ability of human papilloma virus to act as a carcinogen depends on which types of viral proteins to interfere with the activity of tumor suppressor proteins that regulate cell growth and survival in cervical carcinoma? (A) Viral proteins E1 and E2 (B) Viral proteins E2 and E3 (C) Viral proteins E3 and E4 (D) Viral proteins E4 and E5 (E) Viral proteins E6 and E7

17. Which of the following neoplasms most likely form a local mass that mimics chalazion or pagetoid spread? (A) Sebaceous carcinoma (B) Basal cell carcinoma (C) Capillary hemangioma (D) Malignant lymphoma (E) Squamous cell carcinoma

18. The lesion that lined by keratinizing squamous epithelium and filled with desquamated epithelium which may cause hearing loss is (A) Aural polyp (B) Perichondritis (C) Basal cell carcinoma (D) Cholesteatoma (E) Paraganglioma

19. The most common type of breast carcinoma to present as an occult primary is (A) Ductal carcinoma (B) Mucinous (colloid) carcinoma (C) Lobular carcinoma (D) Tubular carcinoma (E) Papillary carcinoma

20. The most important prognostic factor for mammary invasive carcinoma in the absence of distant metastases is (A) Carcinoma in situ (B) Tumor size (C) Inflammatory carcinoma (D) Locally advanced disease (E) Axillary lymph node metastasis

21. A mosaic pattern of lamellar bone, seen in the sclerotic bone, is the hallmark and pathognomonic of (A) Osteoporosis (B) Paget disease (Osteitis deformans) (C) Rickets (D) Osteomalacia (E) Osteosarcoma

22. Rheumatoid arthritis does not include which of the following findings? (A) CD8+ T cells may initiate the autoimmune response by reacting with an arthritogenic agent (B) A symmetric arthritis principally affecting the small joints of the hand and feet (C) Synovial cell hyperplasia (D) Dense inflammatory infiltrates (E) May produce a pannus

23. Large, infiltrative masses that frequently recur but do not metastasize are (A) Leiomyomas (B) Superficial fibromatosis (C) Deep seated fibromatosis (Desmoid tumors) (D) Pleomorphic rhabdomyosarcoma (E) Liposarcomas

24. A malignant tumor in which the cancerous cells produce osteoid matrix or mineralized bone is (A) Fibrous dysplasia (B) Osteoid osteoma (C) Osteoblastoma (D) Chondrosarcoma (E) Osteosarcoma

25. Verocay bodies are commonly seen in (A) Diffuse neurofibromas (B) Plexiform neurofibromas (C) Neurofibromatosis (D) Schwannomas (E) Malignant peripheral nerve sheath tumors

26. 最常見的原發性皮膚淋巴瘤是? (A) mycosis fungoides (B) diffuse large B cell lymphoma (C) follicular lymphoma (D) marginal zone lymphoma

27. 在亞洲最常見的惡性黑色素細胞瘤類型是? (A) superficial spreading melanoma (B) lentigo maligna melanoma (C) acral lentiginous melanoma (D) desmoplastic melanoma

28. BCR-ABL gene fusion 下列哪一血液疾病的基因變化? (A) Hodgkin lymphoma (B) chronic myelogenous leukemia (C) Burkitt's lymphoma (D) follicular lymphoma

29. 下列何種淋巴瘤和 Epstein Barr virus 的關係最小? (A) Burkitt's lymphoma (B) extranodal NK/T cell lymphoma, nasal type (C) Hodgkin lymphoma (D) anaplastic large cell lymphoma

30. 偽膜性腸炎是由下列哪一個病原菌引起? (A) Clostridium difficile (B) Entamoeba histolytica (C) Vibrio cholera (D) Cytomegalovirus

31. 下列關於 inflammatory bowel disease 的敘述何者錯誤? (A) Crohn's disease 好發於 terminal ileum，ulcerative colitis 則主要見於 rectum (B) anal fistula 是 Crohn's disease 的特徵 (C) granuloma 是 ulcerative colitis 常見的病理特色 (D) Crohn's disease 有時可見 skip lesion，ulcerative colitis 則從 rectum 往前延伸而無 skip lesion

32. 幽門螺旋桿菌和下列胃部疾病有著最密切的關係? (A) gastric MALToma (marginal zone lymphoma) (B) gastric adenocarcinoma (C) gastrointestinal stromal tumor(D) gastrointestinal stromal tumor

33. 下列何者有肝細胞瘤 (hepatocellular adenoma) 的寄生有關? (A) oral contraceptives (B) aflatoxin (C) chronic alcoholism (D) hemochromatosis

34. 下列有關胰臟炎的敘述，何者錯誤? (A) 胰臟周圍的 fat necrosis 可在胰臟旁的脂肪看到 chalky white 沉積物 (B) acute interstitial pancreatitis 比 hemorrhagic pancreatitis 來的嚴重，死亡率也更高 (C) 慢性胰臟炎常見原因結石、慢性飲食、病毒感染及藥物等 (D) pancreatic divisum 是造成慢性胰臟炎較少見的原因之一

35. 下列何者是 hepatocellular carcinoma 的常見病理特色? (A) vascular invasion (B) thickened trabecular growth pattern (C) glandular differentiation with mucin production (D) cirrhosis in the background liver tissue

36. 下列何者是 acute pancreatitis 的疾病病理表現? (A) duct obstruction (B) acinar cell injury (C) defective intracellular transport (D) 以上皆是

37. 下列何者不是 atherosclerosis 的常見病理變化? (A) intimal thickening with lipid accumulation (B) obliteration of the vasa vasorum (C) calcification (D) fibrosis and deposition of extracellular matrix

38. 下列哪一種血管炎是非主要影響中小型血管? (A) leukocytoclastic vasculitis (B) Churg-Strauss syndrome (allergic granulomatosis with angiitis) (C) Wegener's granulomatosis (granulomatosis with polyangiitis) (D) Takayasu's arteritis

39. 下列 pituitary hormone oversecretion 和其導致之 clinical syndrome 的關係何者錯誤? (A) growth hormone: acromegaly (B) ACTH: Cushing disease (C) TSH: Grave's disease (D) prolactin: galactorrhea and amenorrhea in females

40. 下列何者是非 papillary thyroid carcinoma 的常見病理變化? (A) deposition of amyloid (B) lymph node metastasis (C) psammoma bodies (D) ground glass chromatin with nuclear grooving

41. 下列哪一個中樞神經系統腫瘤的預後最好? (A) diffuse astrocytoma (B) pilocytic astrocytoma (C) medulloblastoma (D) oligodendroglioma

42. 下列何者是最常見的原發性中樞神經系統腫瘤(包含腦膜)? (A) meningioma (B) ependymoma (C) glioblastoma (D) lymphoma

43. 下列何者不是 chronic alcoholism 常見的病理變化? (A) acute and chronic pancreatitis (B) steatohepatitis (C) gastritis and ulceration (D) emphysema

44. 下列關於 vitamin deficiency 及相關臨床表現的敘述何者錯誤? (A) vitamin C deficiency: scurvy (B) vitamin K deficiency: bleeding tendency (C) iron deficiency: macrocytic anemia (D) vitamin D deficiency: osteomalacia

45. 下列何者不是小孩常見的腫瘤? (A) acute leukemia (B) small cell carcinoma (C) neuroblastoma (D) medulloblastoma

46. 有一些腫瘤和病毒感染有關，下列的敘述何者為非? (A) human papilloma virus and cervical cancer (B) poxvirus and hepatocellular carcinoma (C) human herpesvirus 8 and Kaposi sarcoma (D) Epstein Barr virus and nasopharyngeal carcinoma

47. Contact dermatitis 是屬於哪一種 hypersensitivity reaction (A) type I (B) type II (C) type III (D) type IV

48. Fragile X syndrome 的基因突變特性為下列何者 (A) autosomal dominant (B) sex-linked recessive (C) trinucleotide-repeat mutation (D) gain of one additional chromosome X

49. 發炎反應會有局部紅腫熱痛的現象，下列敘述何者錯誤? (A) 紅是因為血管擴張，血流量增加 (B) 腫是因為血流量增加伴隨通透性增加導致組織間質水腫 (C) 熱是因為發炎媒介物作用至下視丘導致體溫上升 (D) 痛是因為發炎反應釋放出的化學物質刺激末梢之痛覺神經

50. 下列何者不是造成 hypercoagulability 的原因? (A) aspirin use (B) antithrombin III deficiency (C) protein C or protein S deficiency (D) cancer