110年 - [非官方正解]110 國立中山大學碩士暨碩士專班招生考試_外文系碩士班/乙組:語言學概論#104425

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆語言學概論 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：6 | 申論題數：7

試卷資訊

所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆語言學概論

選擇題 (6)

1. Voiceless stops are usually aspirated in all following words EXCEPT (A) pod (B) spa (C) tower (D) twin
2. Velar stops are more front in which of the following words? (A) cool (B) car (C) key (D) could
3. Alveolar sonorants become dental in which of the following words? (A) tenth (B) tank (C) signature (D) teens
4. Which of the following vowel is the longest? (B) Sid (C) sit (D) sad (A) sat
5. Which of the following that has different pronunciation from the other three? (A) You said that she ate. (B) I ate that apple. (C) You must know that. (D) I am taking about this boy, not that one.
6. Which of the following have has different pronunciation from the other three? (A) Do you have time? (B) I didn't have time. (C) Have you been to Hong Kong? (D) I have been to Japan.

申論題 (7)

7. Bigly or Big League?
 "Did he say bigly?" This question had been asked repeatedly on social media soon after the then-candidate Donald Trump was reported to use the word during the first US presidential debate. Many wondered whether bigly was really an English word or a "Trumpism" presumably derived from big and the adverb suffix -ly. However, based on acoustic analyses, some phoneticians argued that what Mr. Trump actually said was big league but the final /g/ in his league was just difficult for the untrained ear to detect. Figure 2 shows the waveform and spectrogram of Trump's production of what appears to be Figure 1 Donald Trump, the to-be ambiguous between bigly and big league. Look at the figure. president of the most powerful What are the acoustic cues to final /g in league? Name at least  TWO of them.
61ad73e41b699.jpg61ad740e0c5a5.jpg

Question 2-1. Use the substitution test described above to identify all constituents in the following sentence. Explain how you discovered the constituents. (20%)
 The tall man might have taken the pen away.
Question 2-2. Sometimes a test may give false negative results. That is, a word string is a constituent, but the results suggest otherwise. Therefore, syntacticians usually apply multiple diagnoses. In addition to substituting pronouns, we can use one. Consider this sentence: I met the guy with brown hair from the US, but not the one from the UK. Here one is substituted for guy with brown hair, indicating that guy with brown hair is a constituent. Apply this one substitution test to the sentence in the above question. Does this test reveal any more constituents than what you have just identified? Why or why not? (5%)
Question 3-1. Describe the trends and features in the graph. (10%)
Question 3-2. Why did Labov reply "Excuse me?" to get a repetition of fourth floor from the employee? What do you think was the purpose of doing this? According to the graph, do the two pronunciations of the phrase differ? If yes, how? (8%)
Question 3-3. What could Labov's results tell us about the social meaning and function of postvocalic /x/ in New York? (7%)

Part 4.(25%) English has a more complex syllable structure than Mandarin Chinese does in the sense that English allows more consonants in the onset and coda. When an English word is borrowed into Mandarin Chinese, sound adaptation is often necessary. Examine the following data set (cited from Lin 2007: 241)
  61ad760ad16cf.jpgQuestion 4. Generalize how the onset and coda consonant clusters in English are modified by nucleus insertion when its words are borrowed into Mandarin Chinese. Explicitly state the conditions in which a certain vowel is chosen to be inserted. (25%) Pinyin [d3um]