110年 - 110 國立清華大學碩士班考試入學試題_工程與系統科學系/乙組:熱力學#105638

科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆熱力學 | 年份：110年 | 選擇題數：0 | 申論題數：16

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所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)◆熱力學

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申論題 (16)

Q1. Estimate the mole number of cach gas species in the container.

Q2. If the partition in the box is removed and a heat loss takes place during the mixing process, how do you simplify the 1st law below to evaluate the mixture temperature at its equilibrium state? The first law of thermodynamics for transient processes is expressed as:61d7f88127f8c.jpg
Subscripts 1 and 2 are states; subscripts i and o are inlet and outlet, respectively.
Q3. Using the simplified equation to calculate the mixture temperature at its equilibrium state.
Q4. Determine the mixture pressure at its equilibrium state.
Problem 2. Complete the questions below (16%; 8 pts each):
 Q1. To estimate the steady-state heat transfer rate of the liquid-to-steam in the serpentine pipe shown below, how do you simplify the61d7f8c175cba.jpg law of thermodynamics in Problem 1-Q2 to do the estimation? 61d7f9122b15d.jpg

Q2. The questions below are relevant to the humidity in the air conditioning:
 Q2-1. In the equation of the humidity ratio, ω= mv/ma = 0.622*Pv /(P-Pv), what are P . and Pv, my and ma?
Q2-2. In the equation of the relative humidity, RH = Pv /Pg, what is Pg? How can Pg be obtained?
Q1. Sketch the temperature of the ice cube versus time, as it, solely exposed to air at a room temperature, slowly turns from a solid state to a complete liquid state.
61d7f9c9ee682.jpg

Q2. The project is based on a problem that an insulated container is partially filled with a liquid in gas at an isothermal condition where the fluid temperature is higher than the ice temperature. Then, several ice cubes are dropped into the container (see the image below). Regarding this transient process of heat transfer, you are asked to develop a formula based on the first law of thermodynamics to predict the needed ice mass or needed ice initial temperature to achieve a targeted final temperature at its thermal equilibrium. Assuming that you know the liquid mass, liquid temperature, gas mass, gas temperature and thermodynamics properties of liquid, gas and ice. To simplify the analysis, let us assume that the mass of gas remains unchanged after the addition of ice to the container and the process of heat transfer in the container is isobaric. To derive a practical cquation for the analysis described herein, how do you make assumptions and simplify the first law of the thermodynamics based on the equation shown in Problem 1-Q2? List the notations for each parameter and variable in the equation proposed by you.
61d7fa176b96c.jpg
Q1. Identify the processes by numbers where the heat addition, heat rejection, compression and expansion are involved in one cycle.
Q2. Using the first law of thermodynamics to derive equations for each term in Q1 in terms of the gas temperature.
Q3. Mathematically prove that the ratio of T1to T3 is the reverse of the compression ratio.

Q4. In thermodynamics, we learned that the entropy balance relation can be written as: 61d7fac19d8f4.jpg
 where any process (A to B) of the entropy change of ideal gases can be approximated with constant specific heats:
61d7fafc3d13d.jpg
Using the equation above to mathematically derive the61d7fb288f80d.jpgrk, where k is the ratio of cp to cy and r is the compression ratio.
Q5. Derive the cycle thermal efficiency in terms of the gas temperature.
Q6. Derive the cycle thermal efficiency in terms of r and k.
Q1. A boiler consumes 500 kJ/s to produce heat at 1300 K in an environment at 300 K. Dctermine which value below is the maximum work that can be yielded by the heat in the boiler: (a) 192 kW, (b) 115 kW, (c) 385 kW, (d) 500 kW, (e) 650 kW.

Q2. Indoor heat of 800 W is leaving via a wall to outside. The inner wall surface is 20℃ and outer wall surface is 5℃ . The ambient temperature is 0℃ outside.
61d7fbb1ecb5a.jpg Determine which value below is the rate of exergy destruction within the wall:(a) 0 W (b) 17,500 W (c) 765 W (d) 32,800 W (e) 40 W