111年 - 111 國立臺灣大學＿碩士招生考試：免疫學(A)#125347

1-3. Which of the following protein/molecule is involved in (A) Class I pathway (B) Class II pathway or (C) Both or (D) neither of the antigen presentation? 1. Endogenous antigen 2. Invariant chain (Ii) 3. TAP-1

4-6. Which of the following features is belonging to (A) Class I MHC molecules (B) Class II MHC molecules (C) Both (D) Neither? 4. Accommodates peptides of 20 residues 5. HLA-B 6. Polymorphic residues locate at al and ẞ1 domains.

7-10. Which one of the following properties is related to human immunoglobulin (A) IgM (B) IgD (C) IgG (D) IgA (E) IgE? 7. Lowest amount in the serum 8. Dimeric form transports across epithelia 9. The best Ig to activate complement system 10. Fc portion of Ig is transported by 2 molecules of FcRn (neonatal Fc receptor) across the placenta.

11. Which is NOT the fate of self-responsive B cells in the bone marrow? (A) Clonal expansion (B) Ignorance (C) Generation of non-autoreactive mature B cells (D) Apoptosis (E) Anergy

12. Which one of the following factors is NOT involved in RAG-dependent V( D )J rearrangement? (A) XRCC4 (B) TdT (C) Ku70 (D)DNA-PK (E) AID.

13. A helper T cell response to a protein antigen requires the participation of antigen-presenting cells that express which of the following types of molecules? (A) Class II MHC and co-stimulators (B) Class I MHC and CD4 (C) Class II MHC and CD8 (D) CD4 and co-stimulators (E) Class II MHC and CD4.

14. Which of the following is NOT a required step in B and T lymphocyte development? (A) Proliferative expansion of precursor cells (B) Cell surface expression of complete antigen receptor complexes (C) Positive selection (D) Activation of precursors by foreign antigens (E) Pre-antigen receptor expression.

15. Which of the following is NOT an example of a checkpoint in lymphocyte development that contributes to the selective maturation of cells with useful antigen receptors? (A) B cell precursors that cannot express TLR die by apoptosis. (B) Developing T cells that fail to express TCR α chains die by apoptosis. (C) Developing T cells that recognize self-major histocompatibility complex (MHC) molecules with high affinity die by apoptosis. (D) Immature B cells that bind to self-antigen with high affinity die by apoptosis. (E) T cell precursors that cannot express TCR β chains die by apoptosis.

16. Which one of the following molecules is the specific transcription factor of follicular helper T (TFH) cell? (A) T-bet (B) RORyt (C) GATA-3 (D) FoxP3 (E) Bcl-6.

17. Which one of the following experimental approaches is used to reduce the expression of gene? (A) Affinity chromatography (B) Chromatin immunoprecipitation (C) ELISA (D) Flow cytometry (E) RNA interference (RNAi).

18. Which of the following is NOT a characteristic of inflammation? (A) Vasodilation (B) Increased vascular permeability and edema (C) Inactivation of macrophages (D) Influx of leukocytes (E) Pain

19. The processes of clonal selection and clonal expansion occur during (A) hematopoiesis (B) innate immune responses (C) adaptive immune responses (D) self-renewal (E) memory cell development

20. The specialized cells that provide the interface between the lumen of the gut and the underlying lymphoid tissue ______. (A) make up the germinal center (B) are located in the periarteriolar lymphoid sheath (C) are progenitors of monocytes (D) are called M cells (E) are specialized in killing encapsulated bacteria

21. Pattern recognition receptors ______. (A) express on the surface of pathogens (B) do not have specificity (C) are used by macrophages and neutrophils to recognize pathogens (D) are antigen-specific (E) only express on the surface of cells

22. Complements and antibodies coat a microorganism and provide binding sites, enabling macrophages and neutrophils to uptake the organism. This phenomenon is termed ______. (A) Opsonization (B) Inflammation (C) Phagocytosis (D) Complement activation (E) Pattern recognition

23. Which of the following are true for cancer immune checkpoint blockade treatments? (Select all that apply.) (A) They are very effective on leukemia. (B) They are used to activate tumor-specific T cell immunity. (C) They are used to activate regulatory T cells to combat tumors. (D) They are antibody-based therapy. (E) They may increase the risk to trigger autoimmunity in patients.

24. Which of the following components are used to make vaccines for COVID-19? (Select all that apply.) (A) subunit components (B) mRNA (C) capsule:carrier protein conjugates (D) whole infectious viral particles (E) IFN-γ

25. Reasons affecting the efficacy of COVID-19 vaccines include ______ (Select all that apply.) (A) no vaccine adjuvant is included in the vaccine (B) only one serotype of SARS coronavirus (CoV)-2 (C) antibody response is waned(消退) over time (D) survival of the infectious agent for long periods inside the host (E) high mutation rates in the pathogen.

26. For a viral subunit vaccine to be effective, ______ (Select all that apply.) (A) T cells must be first activated (B) neutralizing antibodies must be induced (C) germinal centers must be formed (D) NK cells must be activated (E) it must be derived from viral surface components.

27. Which of the following is a mechanism by which tumors can evade immune detection? (Select all that apply.) (A) reduction in levels of HLA class I (B) recruitment of regulatory T cells (C) enhancement of inflammatory responses (D) lowering of levels of FasL on the cell surface (E) creating physical barriers to the immune system.

28. Which cytokines are associated with tumor-induced suppression of the immune response? (Select all that apply.) (A) IL-10 (B) TGF-β (C) IL-2 (D) IL-4 (E) IFN-γ.

1. Innate immunity acts within hours after bacteria invade the body. It is antigen specific and develops immunological memory.(A)O(B)X

2. Lymphocytes encounter and respond to antigen at the site of infection.(A)O(B)X

3. Peyer's patch is the secondary lymphoid organs of the small intestine.(A)O(B)X

4. Infection stimulates macrophages to release cytokines and chemokines that initiate an inflammatory response.(A)O(B)X

5. NOD-like receptors express on the membrane of endosomes to detect bacterial degradation products inside the cells.(A)O(B)X

6. Chemokines are a particular group of cytokines that direct the movement of cells along a concentration gradient.(A)O(B)X 

1. respiratory tract (A) vomiting (B) diarrhea (C) wheezing (喘鳴) (D)decrease in blood pressure (E) violent bursts of sneezing

2. heart and vascular system (A) vomiting (B) diarrhea (C) wheezing (喘鳴) (D)decrease in blood pressure (E) violent bursts of sneezing

3. gastrointestinal tract (A) vomiting (B) diarrhea (C) wheezing (喘鳴) (D)decrease in blood pressure (E) violent bursts of sneezing

  1. is mediated by Th1 or CD8+ T cells.(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

2. type IV hypersensitivity(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

3. is the base of Mantoux test (the standard tuberculin test)(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

4. caused by gluten in the diet(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

5. Antigen processed by Langerhans cells in the epidermis sensitizes T cell response.(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

6. can be caused by poison ivy.(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

7. Caused by activation of mast cells(A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

8. Stimulated by IL-2 (A) Delayed-type hypersensitivity (B) Allergic contact dermatitis (C) Celiac disease (D) Immediate hypersensitivity

(1) Flagellin

(2) ssRNA

(3) dsRNA

(4) lipopolysaccharide

(5) unmethylated CpG DNA

(6) lipoteichoic acid and di-/triacyl 

四、簡答題
1. Please list   five   general properties of cytokines. 

2. Please list   three   cytokines/molecules released by activated T cells. 

3. Please describe the allelic exclusion of antigen receptor genes. 

(1) Describe members of IL-2 cytokine family that require for signaling.

(2) Explain patients with XCID have severe impairments in the development of T cells and NK cells but the development of B cells is unaffected.

5. Bone marrow transplantation can be used to correct immunodeficiencyies caused by defects in lymphocyte maturation. Explain the mechanisms that can result in systemic immune disease or graft rejection in the recipient of bone morrow transplantation. 

6. Name the primary lymphoid tissues in mammals and three main types of secondary lymphoid tissue . What are the principal events that take place in primary and secondary lymphoid tissues? 

7. What are two products of the C3 convertase?  Name three downstream events that can result from the formation of these products and lead to clearance of the microbe .