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111年 - 111 外交特種考試_三等_外交領事人員類科英文組二：國際關係與近代外交史（以英文命題及作答）#110698

科目：國際關係與近代外交史 | 年份：111年 | 選擇題數：20 | 申論題數：4

試卷資訊

所屬科目：國際關係與近代外交史

選擇題 (20)

1 Which of the following countries is NOT one of the Arctic States in the Arctic Council? (A) Russia. (B) The United States. (C) Denmark. (D) The United Kingdom.
2 Which of the following statements is NOT correct pertaining to the United Nations Security Council (UNSC)? (A) The UNSC consists of 15 members, including 5 permanent members and 10 non-permanent members elected for a three-year term. (B) The UNSC may investigate any dispute or situation which might lead to international friction. (C) Japan was elected as one of the non-permanent members in June this year, and will join the UNSC in January 2023. (D) A representative of each of its members must be present at all times at the UN Headquarters so that the UNSC can meet at any time as the need arises.
3 The term “globalization” contains various dimensions. Which of the following is NOT a correct statement pertaining to “globalization”? (A) Hyper-globalizers tend to believe the European Union will ultimately replace its individual member states. (B) The extent of integration of major contemporary global economies is not higher than that prior to the First World War. (C) Sceptics tend to believe there would be a retreat of nation states. (D) Nowadays, the North-South gap in terms of development and wealth is growing, not narrowing.
4 Which of the following statements does NOT correctly explain the “liberal international order”? (A) Economic interdependence, international organizations, and democracy are the basis of the liberal international order. (B) Scholars from western Europe and the United States tend to employ this term to describe the world order after the Second World War. (C) Currently, the liberal international order is universal. (D) John Mearsheimer argues that a realist order, not liberal international order, is in the interest of the United States.
5 Which of the following international economic institutions is NOT part of the “Bretton Woods System”? (A) International Monetary Fund (IMF). (B) International Bank for Reconstruction and Development (World Bank). (C) Society for Worldwide Interbank Financial Telecommunication (SWIFT). (D) General Agreement on Tariffs and Trade (GATT).
6 Which of the following countries is a founding member of the Comprehensive and Progressive Agreement for Trans-Pacific Partnership (CPTPP) and the Indo-Pacific Economic Framework for Prosperity (IPEF)? (A) United States. (B) Canada. (C) Australia. (D) Indonesia.
7 Which of the following current member countries of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO) was NOT a former member of the Warsaw Treaty Organization? (A) Poland. (B) Hungary. (C) Czech Republic. (D) Slovenia.
8 Which of the following international legal documents is NOT part of the “International Bill of Rights”? (A) Universal Declaration of Human Rights (UDHR). (B) International Convention on the Elimination of All Forms of Racial Discrimination (ICERD). (C) International Covenant on Economic, Social, and Cultural Rights (ICESCR). (D) International Covenant on Civil and Political Rights (ICCPR).
9 Which of the following countries has never had dispute with China over maritime sovereignty claims in the South China Sea? (A) Vietnam. (B) Malaysia. (C) Singapore. (D) The Philippines.
10 Which of the following statements is NOT correct pertaining to the AUKUS? (A) It is a trilateral security agreement between Australia, the United Kingdom, and the United States, and one of its aims is to facilitate Australia’s acquirement of nuclear-powered submarines. (B) The agreement was reached under President Joe Biden of the United States, Prime Minister Boris Johnson of the United Kingdom, and Prime Minister Anthony Albanese of Australia. (C) Beijing has been vocal in protest, calling it an extension of Cold-War mentality. (D) New Zealand supports the increased engagement of the United Kingdom and United States in the region, but declines visits from Australia’s new nuclear submarines.
11 Who took the order of Emperor Guangxu to supervise military affairs in Xinjiang, suppress the local rebellions, and deter the British from making Xinjiang as its “protectorate”? (A) Li Hongzhang. (B) Yi Shan. (C) Zeng Jize. (D) Zuo Zongtang.
12 The regime of international diplomacy after the Congress of Vienna in 1815 was often referred to as _______ (A) Concert of Europe. (B) Integration of Europe. (C) European Reform. (D) European Democracy.
13 The “Prime Minister’s National Affairs Office” of the Qing Dynasty was established after the signature of _______ . (A) Treaty of Peace, Amity, and Commerce between the United States of America and China. (B) Treaty of Beijing among China, the United Kingdom, and France in 1860. (C) Treaty of Humen between China and the United Kingdom. (D) Treaty of Whampoa between China and France.
14 Which of the following items mentioned in the “General Regulations of the Five Ports Trading” and the “Treaty of Humen,” the supplementary editions to the Treaty of Nanjing, did NOT violate the sovereignty of China? (A) Negotiated tariff rates. (B) Consular Jurisdiction. (C) Moor right of warships. (D) Amnesty of criminals.
15 Which of the following statements is correct regarding the diplomatic activities of the Yuan Shikai administration after the establishment of the Republic of China? (A) When serving as the head of the diplomatic corps in Beijing, US Minister Jordan became friendly with Yuan Shikai, thus exerting considerable influence. (B) Yuan Shikai’s reconstruction loan was supported by a group of banks from five countries, including the United States. (C) After the outbreak of World War I in 1914, Yuan Shikai led China to declare war on Germany. (D) In 1915, China and Japan negotiated the Twenty-one Demands, which included the management rights of Hanyeping Iron and Steel Plant.
16 Regarding the activities of foreign powers in Shandong from the end of the Qing Dynasty to the beginning of the Republic of China, which of the following statements is NOT correct? (A) In 1897, Germany sent troops to occupy Jiaozhou Bay and opened up the following partition crisis. (B) After the outbreak of the First World War in 1914, Japan declared war on Germany under the pretext of Anglo-Japanese alliance and thus gained control over Qingdao, Shandong. (C) In the 1915 Sino-Japanese Twenty-One Negotiations, Yuan Shikai recognized Japan’s inheritance of all German rights in Shandong. In the exchange treaty, he expressed his willingness to accept Japan’s proposal, which became the basis for Japan’s acquisition of Shandong at the Paris Peace Conference. (D) On May 4, 1919, after the resolution of the Paris Peace Conference on the Shandong issue was sent back to China, students in Beijing protested, demanding the authorities not sign the treaty and punish relevant officials. This became the fuse of the May Fourth Movement.
17 Sino-Japanese relations continued to deteriorate after the Mukden Incident (or Manchurian Incident) in 1931. Which of the following regarding this incident is NOT correct? (A) In 1932, Japanese radical soldiers broke into the prime minister’s residence in Tokyo. They shot and killed the Prime Minister Tanaka Giichi, who was inclined to adopt a peaceful solution to the Sino- Japanese issue. This is known as the May 15 Incident. (B) In 1933, the Japanese army attacked Rehe, and fought the Great Wall Battle with the Chinese army. The battle ended with Sino-Japanese Tanggu Agreement. (C) The person who created the North China Autonomous Movement and proposed the Hirota Three Principles in 1935 was Japanese Foreign Minister Hirota Koki. (D) In 1937, the Japanese army attacked the Luguo Bridge located near Beiping, which is known as July 7 Incident. The Sino-Japanese conflict immediately expanded.
18 Who created the term “soft power”? (A) Joseph Nye. (B) John Mearsheimer. (C) Henry Kissinger. (D) Alexander Wendt.
19 Which of the following was NOT the cause of World War I? (A) Secret alliances among great powers went out of control. (B) The British-Franco-Russian hostile relations were generally ameliorated. (C) The Axis and Allied countries acutely competed for spheres of influence. (D) The United Kingdom’s sea power was challenged by Germany’s “Great Navy” strategy.
20 Which of the following statements is NOT true about the Outer Mongolia issue and the Tibet issue in the late Qing and early Republic of China? (A) British troops stationed in India invaded Tibet twice. (B) In 1914, China, Britain, and Tibet signed the Simla Accord in India, which was recognized by the Yuan Shikai administration. (C) After the outbreak of the 1911 Revolution, Outer Mongolia launched its first independence movement. (D) After the outbreak of the October Revolution in Russia, the civil war between the Red Army and the White Army spread to Outer Mongolia.

申論題 (4)

一、Please describe in detail the meaning of the internal balancing and the external balancing developed by the Structural Realism theory, and then based on these classifications, illustrate the internal and external balancing measures that the Biden administration of the U.S. has taken against the rise of China. (20 points)
二、Please describe the strategic implications of China’s recent initiatives of strengthening its relationship with Pacific island countries from the perspectives of “wedge strategies”, and then comment on the opportunities and challenges of China’s wedge strategies in the Pacific Region. (20 points)
三、What were the core concepts of George Kennan’s “Containment Policy”? Please elaborate its influences onto the post war U.S. foreign policy and its impacts onto the global geopolitics. (18 points)
四、World War I broke out in 1914. China then entered the war in Europe. Did the Treaty of Versailles undermine China’s national interest? How did China respond? What were the consequences of this event? (17 points)