114年 - 114 外交特種考試_三等_外交領事人員類科英文組二：國際關係與近代外交史（以英文命題及作答）#130923

1 Which of the following is the first country to reach a new trade deal with the United States after its President’s announcement of “Reciprocal Tariff” on April 2, 2025? (A) Japan. (B) United Kingdom. (C) Korea. (D) Canada.

2 Which of the following countries did NOT change its state leadership in 2025?
(A) The United States. (B) Korea. (C) France. (D) Germany.

3 Which of the following international agreements or initiatives is the United States not currently participating in? (A) Global Maritime Fulcrum. (B) Australia-United Kingdom-United States. (C) Indo-Pacific Economic Framework. (D) Quadrilateral Security Dialogue.

4 Securing Our Future London Summit on March 2, 2025 concluded “ a Four-Point Plan” for the future of Ukraine. Which of the following is NOT correct regarding this plan? (A) Commitment to maintaining the flow of military aid to Ukraine while increasing economic pressure on Russia through sanctions and other measures. (B) Affirming that any lasting peace agreement must ensure the sovereignty and security of Ukraine, with Ukraine being present at all peace negotiations. (C) Enhancing Ukraine’s defensive military capabilities following any peace deals to deter potential future invasions. (D) Dispatching NATO Peacekeeping forces to Ukraine to implement the terms of any peace agreement and guarantee Ukraine’s security afterward.

5 Which of the following statement is NOT correct regarding the 1947 “Truman Doctrine”?
(A) It became the main focus of the US foreign policy after WWII. (B) The US should lead democratic countries to contain infiltration of Soviet communist and vigorously support the economic and military development of Europe. (C) It demanded the US congress to allocate budget to aid the Italian and Greek governments to prevent them from falling into communist hands. (D) It established a precedent for the US to aid anti-communist regimes around the world and to establish containment alliance against the Soviet Union.

6 Which of the following statements is NOT a Realist critique of Neo-liberal Institutionalism in International Relations? (A) International institutions have no independent status; they merely reflect the distribution of power and interests. (B) Under anarchy, even though international institutions possess monitoring and reciprocal mechanisms, the enforcement power of these institutions is too weak, which limits the extent of cooperation among states. (C) Neo-liberal Institutionalism overlooks the problem of “relative gains”; states may still refuse to cooperate if they realize that other countries gain more than they do. (D)Neo-liberal Institutionalism oversimplifies issues of international relations as problems of market information and efficiency, neglecting the structural oppression and inequalities inherent in the international system.

7 Regarding the Global Cooperation and Training Framework (GCTF), which of the following statements
is NOT correct? (A) In 2015, Taiwan and the United States signed a memorandum of understanding to establish the Global Cooperation and Training Framework, aiming to expand Taiwan’s international space. (B) The GCTF has held international workshops on topics such as public health, law enforcement cooperation, women’s empowerment, cybersecurity, humanitarian assistance, and disaster relief. (C) Aside from the United States, Japan, Australia, and Canada are full partners of the GCTF. (D) The main purpose of the GCTF is to work with like-minded democratic countries to jointly contain the global expansion of authoritarianism.

8 Which of the following statements is NOT correct regarding “Sharp Power”?
(A) It takes advantage of the openness of democratic societies to spread disinformation and propaganda. (B) It involves coercive measures, using military attacks and invasions or economic incentives and sanctions, to compel compliance from other nations. (C) It aims to erode trust in democratic institutions, limit free speech, and distort public opinion. (D) It targets political elites, journalists, academics, and other influential individuals to gain support.

9 Which of the following is a member state to all of the following three multilateral institutions: AUKUS, QUAD, and Five Eyes? (A) India. (B) Japan. (C) Canada. (D) Australia.

10 In 2023, the Japanese government proposed a new plan to promote the “Free and Open Indo-Pacific”(FOIP) vision. Which of the following items is NOT included among its main components? (A) Establishing an Indo-Pacific environment that safeguards peace, upholds the principles of freedom, transparency, and the rule of law, and ensures that the weak will not yield to coercion by force. (B) Expanding international cooperation to enhance the resilience and sustainability of Indo-Pacific countries in addressing challenges such as climate change, public health, disaster prevention and response, and cybersecurity. (C) Creating a military coordination mechanism to safeguard collective security in the Indo-Pacific region and enhance the inter-operability of military systems of individual countries. (D) Extending the scope of security from the maritime domain to include the airspace, ensuring the safety and stability of the entire Indo-Pacific public domain.

11 After the end of the Crimean War in 1856, the great powers called upon the Paris Peace Conference.
Which of the following statement is incorrect? (A) Free navigation of the Danube River. (B) Neutralization of the Black Sea; Warships shall not freely pass through the Two Straits. (C) Turkey was admitted to the European community. (D) The goods from neutralized countries carried on enemy’s ships may be captured and confiscated.

12 In September 1899, the U.S. Secretary of State John Hay instructed American ambassadors to United Kingdom, Germany, Japan and Russia, to seek host country’s endorsement of the “Open Door Policy of China.” Which country showed its indifference toward John Hay’s proposal? (A) Russia. (B) The United Kingdom. (C) Japan. (D) Germany.

13 Which of the following statement about the Opium War is correct?
(A) The British government attached great importance to business issues; thus, as early as the Qianglong period of the Qing Dynasty, Amherst was dispatched to negotiate with the Chinese government. (B) Due to the prevalence of liberal trade theories, during the Daoguang period of the Qing Dynasty, the British government abolished the East India Company’s trade privileges with China, and began to allow British businessmen to trade with China. (C) Lin Zexu banned smoking in Guangzhou at a time when the British Liberal Party was in power and Prime Minister Palmerston decided to send troops to China. (D) The consequence of the Opium War was the signing of the Sino-British treaty of Beijing in 1842.

14 Which of the following statement is true about the Sino-French Vietnam War in the late Qing Dynasty?
(A) During the Tongzhi period of the Qing Dynasty, the French colonists actually controlled south- central Vietnam. (B) The ministers of the Qing Dynasty were divided into two factions: peace and war. Li Hongzhang actively advocated war. (C) In 1884, the French fleet shelled Keelung and blocked Taiwan. At that time, Shen Baozhen was in charge of Taiwan’s military affairs. (D) In 1885, Liu Yongfu’s troops, the Black Flag Army, won consecutive victories at Zhennangquan in Guangxi and Lang Mountain in northern Vietnam.

15 Which of the following statement regarding the Boxer Rebellion and the Eight-Power Allied Forces is true?
(A) The Boxers originated from the White Lotus Sect and was first popular in Henan. (B) The activities initiated by the Boxers caused protests from the Germans, so the Qing court sent Yuan Shikai to the south to suppress these activities. (C)After the Eight-Power Allied Forces dispatched troops, they jointly elected the Russian general Alfred von Waldersee as the commander-in-chief of the coalition forces. (D) After the Eight-Power Allied Forces occupied Beijing, the governors of the southeastern provinces advocated a self-protection movement led by Zeng Guofan.

16 China was defeated in the First Opium War, as a consequence, China and the United Kingdom signed the Treaty of Nanjing in August 1842. Which of the following ports was NOT included in their agreement regarding the “Five Ports Trading”? (A) Wenzhou. (B) Guangzhou. (C) Xiamen. (D) Ningbo.

17 Historians regarded the term “Napoleon War” as Bonaparte Napoleon led the First Empire of France in fighting against the anti-Napoleon coalition. How did Napoleon call his strategic framework against the United Kingdom? (A) European Continent System. (B) Paris System. (C) Continental System. (D) North Sea System.

18 What was the cause that led to the breakout of Japan-Russo War in 1904?
(A) Ownership of the Dongqing Railway. (B) Struggle over lease rights of Dalian and Lushun. (C) Protection of overseas Japanese in Manchuria. (D) Competition over the sphere of influence on Korea.

19 Japan and Russia, put aside their hatred caused by the 1904 Japan-Russo war, signed two secret treaties in July 1907 and June 1910. Which of the following consequences was NOT included? (A) The partition of sphere of influence on Manchuria between Japan and Russia. (B) Reached a consensus on U.S. “Open Door Policy of China.” (C) Russia began to instigate the independence of Outer Mongolia. (D) Japan’s annexation of Korea.

20 The Industrial Revolution started from the United Kingdom. Which country came next?
(A) The Netherlands. (B) France. (C) Spain. (D) Belgium.

(一) Please identify the basic arguments of the Power Transition Theory. (10 points)

(二) Based upon the arguments above, provide a set of policy solutions that can solve the aforementioned conflict efficiently. (10 points)

(一)Please compare these two theories based upon the unit of analysis, the
nature of the international economic relations, the attitudes toward trade,
and state-market relations. (10 points)

(二) Please identify the main points of the aforementioned debate about
returning to mercantilism. (10 points)

三、It is reported that Lenin once said that “The shortest way from Moscow to Paris was through Beijing and Calcutta.” Therefore, after the establishment of the Soviet Union, Moscow actively sought the favor of all walks of life in China. What did Moscow do to Beijing to achieve this goal at that time? (17 points)

四、Please elaborate the characteristics of the “Near Eastern Question” in the 19th century. (18 points)