111年 - 111 專技普考_海事保險公證人：海事保險英文公證報告#108361

 The surveyor should inspect the damage, preferably in conjunction with the other interested parties, so that he is able to give a detailed description. Photographs and/or sketches may assist to clarify certain points and should, where permitted, always be included in the report. If the surveyor is unsure of the cause of damage, he should request additional information from the Master/Owner's representative or investigations/tests be done to remove the uncertainty. If the requests are not complied with, the surveyor must report the facts to his principal and include the matter in his final report.

The following damage was found: 

1. Numerous indentations on hatch coamings. 

2. Angle stiffener above opening in port bulwark adjacent No.1 hatch - sharply bent 25 mm over 160 mm.

 3. Derrick crutch tower between Nos. 1 & 2 hatches sharp indents 40 x 40 x 15 mm. 

4. Ballast line athwartships between Nos. 2 & 3 hatches outside entrance door - flattened over 300 mm length x 20 mm. 

5. Tank top, midships 7 m abaft bulkhead - large area depression 1000 x 2000 x25 mm.

Sweat is a complex business to prove, although simple enough in concept. It is condensation caused by changes in temperature and moisture content of the air in the hold in relation to the cargo or the ship's structure. The surveyor should understand the mechanics of its occurrence, check on routes, temperatures when loading and enroute, and ventilation. Stowage is important to minimising sweat damage; for instance inadequate dunnaging may cause cartons to become waterlogged.

 The largest employer of surveyors for Pre-shipment cargo surveys is the steel trade. Steel gives rise to high claims, so P&l Clubs insist on pre-shipment surveys to protect themselves. The surveyor needs more a knowledge of steel than of ships. And he needs stamina. The intention is to sight all the steel to be loaded and note any defects. These will include degrees of rusting, crushing or deformation of coils, bending or deformation of girders and plates, exposure to salt spray or rain, especially for cold-rolled coils, and more especially in ports where the air is very polluted.