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科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-經濟學 | 年份：115年 | 選擇題數：25 | 申論題數：0

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所屬科目：研究所、轉學考(插大)-經濟學

選擇題 (25)

1. The table below shows the quantities of goods X and Y that one unit of labor can produce per day in Countries A and B. Which of the following statements is correct?

| | X | Y |
| | | |
| A | 1 | 2 |
| B | 3 | 4 |

(A) Country A has a comparative but not an absolute advantage in producing X.
(B) Country A has both a comparative and an absolute advantage in producing X.
(C) Country B has a comparative but not an absolute advantage in producing X.
(D) Country B has both a comparative and an absolute advantage in producing X.
2. Suppose that initially the market supply curve and both the shortrun and longrun market demand curves intersect at the same point. If the market supply decreases, ceteris paribus, then

(A) The shortrun equilibrium price and quantity will both be higher than the longrun equilibrium.
(B) The shortrun equilibrium price and quantity will both be lower than the longrun equilibrium.
(C) The shortrun equilibrium price will be higher than the longrun equilibrium price, but the shortrun equilibrium quantity will be lower than the longrun equilibrium quantity.
(D) None of the above.
3. Which of the following would result in a higher quantity supplied, a higher quantity demanded, and a lower price paid by buyers than before?

(A) The government imposes a binding price floor.
(B) The government removes a binding price floor.
(C) The government imposes a tax on sellers.
(D) The government removes a tax on sellers.
4. Bryan is choosing between two cell phone plans. Plan A charges a monthly fee of $120 and offers unlimited calling. Plan B charges $1 per minute with no monthly fee. His monthly demand for calling minutes is Q = 160 40P, where P is the price per minute and Q is the number of minutes called per month. Based on consumer surplus, which plan will he choose?

(A) Plan A.
(B) Plan B.
(C) Either plan.
(D) Cannot be determined.
5. Daniel owns a lawnmowing business in a perfectly competitive market. He charges $27 per lawn and mows 10 lawns per day. His total daily cost is $280, of which $30 is fixed cost. Should he shut down in the short run? Should he exit the market in the long run?

(A) Shut down in the short run and exit in the long run.
(B) Do not shut down in the short run and do not exit in the long run.
(C) Shut down in the short run but do not exit in the long run.
(D) Do not shut down in the short run but exit in the long run.
6. A profitmaximizing firm in a perfectly competitive market produces 100 units. Its average revenue is $10, average total cost is $8, and fixed cost is $200. Is its efficient scale greater than, less than, or equal to 100 units?

(A) Greater than 100.
(B) Less than 100.
(C) Equal to 100.
(D) Cannot be determined.
7. Under which of the following conditions could a monopolistically competitive firm's profit be maximized?

(A) Price is less than marginal cost and greater than average total cost.
(B) Price is greater than marginal cost and equal to average total cost.
(C) Price is equal to marginal cost and greater than average total cost.
(D) Both ( A ) and ( C ) are correct.
8. James owns the only drinkingwater well in town. He faces:

Demand: P = 70 Q

Marginal Revenue: MR = 70 2Q

Marginal Cost: MC = 10 + Q

where P is price and Q is quantity. The mayor proposes a price ceiling equal to 50% of the monopoly price. Under this price ceiling, what quantity will he produce?

(A) 15.

(B) 20.

(C) 35.

(D) 45.
9. Most of the world's diamond supply comes from South Africa and Russia. Suppose the marginal cost of mining diamonds is constant at $1,000 per diamond (i.e., $1 million per thousand diamonds), and the market demand schedule is given below.

| Price ($) | Quantity (diamond) |
| | |
| 8,000 | 5,000 |
| 7,000 | 6,000 |
| 6,000 | 7,000 |
| 5,000 | 8,000 |
| 4,000 | 9,000 |
| 3,000 | 10,000 |
| 2,000 | 11,000 |
| 1,000 | 12,000 |

If the two countries form a cartel and split the market equally, what is South Africa's profit?

(A) $14 million.
(B) $16 million.
(C) $18 million.
(D) $20 million.
10. Continuing from the previous question, what is South Africa's profit in the Nash equilibrium?

(A) $14 million.
(B) $16 million.
(C) $18 million.
(D) $20 million.
11. The market demand and supply for a good are:

Demand: Q = 100 5P

Supply: Q = 5P

where Q is quantity of the good and P is price. Suppose each unit of the good produced generates 4 units of pollution. Let pollution be measured in pollution units. Each pollution unit imposes a social cost of $1. If the government limits total pollution to 100 pollution units, what is the total surplus?

(A) 225.

(B) 275.

(C) 325.

(D) 375.
12. An airport recently began offering free WiFi. Initially, only a few people use the service. At that point, what type of good is free WiFi? Later, as more people use it, connection speed slows down. At that point, what type of good is free WiFi?

(A) Initially a club good; later a public good.
(B) Initially a common resource; later a public good.
(C) Initially a public good; later a club good.
(D) Initially a public good; later a common resource.
13. Which of the following is a government transfer payment?

(A) Distributing consumption vouchers.
(B) Producing consumption vouchers.
(C) Spending consumption vouchers.
(D) All of the above.
14. When Toyota expands its production capacity in the United States, the United States will experience

(A) an increase in GDP and a decrease in GNP.
(B) an increase in GNP and a decrease in GDP.
(C) an increase in both GDP and GNP, with GDP increasing more than GNP.
(D) an increase in both GDP and GNP, with GNP increasing more than GDP.
15. In a closed economy, GDP is $1,000, government purchases are $200, taxes are $150, and investment is $150. Private saving is

(A) $100. (B) $200. (C) $300. (D) $400.
16. If you believe that stock prices follow a random walk, then

(A) You agree with the efficient markets hypothesis.
(B) You believe that the stock market is irrational.
(C) You would spend time studying individual stocks.
(D) All of the above.
17. Which of the following events would decrease both the unemployment rate and the laborforce participation rate?

(A) Laura finally finds a job after a long search.
(B) Lisa finds a job immediately after graduating from college.
(C) Alice searches for a long time and eventually gives up job search.
(D) Tom quits his job to become a fulltime stayathome father.
18. The news often states that the Federal Reserve raises or lowers interest rates, referring to changes in the federal funds rate. The federal funds rate is

(A) The interest rate banks charge households and firms on loans.
(B) The interest rate at which banks borrow directly from the Federal Reserve.
(C) The interest rate on overnight loans of bank reserves between banks.
(D) None of the above.
19. Which of the following policies would increase the money supply?

(A) The Federal Reserve raises the target federal funds rate.
(B) The Federal Reserve raises the interest rate paid on bank reserves.
(C) The Federal Reserve conducts an openmarket sale of bonds.
(D) The Federal Reserve lowers reserve requirements for banks.
20. Suppose that a Big Mac costs $3 in the United States and NT$120 in Taiwan, and the exchange rate is NT$30 per U.S. dollar. According to purchasing power parity (PPP),

(A) The U.S. dollar will depreciate against the New Taiwan dollar.
(B) The U.S. dollar will appreciate against the New Taiwan dollar.
(C) The exchange rate will remain unchanged.
(D) Any of the above is possible.
21. An economist observes that a $10 billion increase in government spending raises aggregate demand by $30 billion. Initially, the economist ignores the crowdingout effect and estimates the marginal propensity to consume (MPC) as 2/3. After taking crowding out into account, the recalculated MPC will be

(A) Larger.
(B) Smaller.
(C) The same.
(D) Cannot be determined.
22. Which of the following causes movement along a shortrun Phillips curve?

(A) Technological progress.
(B) An increase in the minimum wage.
(C) An increase in the money supply.
(D) An oil crisis.
23. Which of the following statements is correct?

(A) The costs of reducing inflation are permanent, while the benefits are temporary.
(B) The costs of increasing inflation are permanent, and the benefits are also permanent.
(C) The costs of reducing inflation are temporary, while the benefits are permanent.
(D) The costs of increasing inflation are temporary, while the benefits are permanent.
24. When a country experiences a large capital inflow, ceteris paribus,

(A) Both the equilibrium real interest rate and the equilibrium real exchange rate rise, and net exports increase.
(B) Both the equilibrium real interest rate and the equilibrium real exchange rate fall, and net exports decrease.
(C) The equilibrium real interest rate rises, the equilibrium real exchange rate falls, and net exports increase.
(D) The equilibrium real interest rate falls, the equilibrium real exchange rate rises, and net exports decrease.
25. Stagflation occurs because

(A) The longrun aggregate supply curve shifts left.
(B) The shortrun aggregate supply curve shifts left.
(C) The aggregate demand curve shifts left.
(D) Both ( B ) and ( C ) are correct.

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