115年 - 115 中央警察大學_碩士班入學考試試題_鑑識科學研究所：自然科學#139921

一、The figure below shows a block with mass m = 0.400 kg sits on a frictionless air track, connected to a spring with force constant k = 10.00 N/m (equilibrium position, x = 0). You pull on the block, stretching the spring 0.100 m} (x = 0.100), and release it from rest. The block moves back toward its equilibrium position. What is its x-velocity when x = 0.080 m?

【Hint】:

1. Hooke's law: $F_{x} = -kx$ .

2. Work by a spring force: $W_{s} = \frac{1}{2} kx_{i}^{2} - \frac{1}{2} kx_{f}^{2}$ .

二、The figure below shows an accident. Car A slid into the rear of car B,which was stopped at a red light along a road headed down a hill. Theslope of the hill is . The cars were separated by distancem when the driver of car A put the car into a slide (it lackedany automatic anti-brake-lock system), and that the speed of car A at theonset of braking was m/s. With what speed did car A hit carB if the coefficient of kinetic friction was 0.60?

【Hint】:

1. the magnitude of the free-fall acceleration $g = 9.8 \, \mathrm{m/s}^2$ .

2. $\sin 12^{\circ} \approx 0.20$ ; $\cos 12^{\circ} \approx 0.98$ .

3. $v = v_{0} + at$ .

4. $S = v_{0}t + \frac{1}{2} at^{2}$ .

5. v²= v₀² + 2aS .

(a) Before collision

(b) After collision

四、Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring in a cross between (a) adwarf pea plant (homozygous recessive) and a tall pea plant(heterozygous). What is the phenotypic ratio of the offspring? (b) a tallpea plant (heterozygous) and a tall pea plant (heterozygous). What is thegenotypic ratio of the offspring?

五、When a student mixes 50 mL of 1.0 M (= 1.0 mol/L) HCL and 50 mL of 1.0 M NaOH in a coffee-cup calorimeter, the temperature of the resultant solution increases from 21.0°C to 27.5°C. Calculate the enthalpy change for the reaction in kJ/mol HCl, assuming that the calorimeter loses only a negligible quantity of heat, that the total volume of the solution is 100 mL, that its density is 1.0 g/mL, and that its specific heat is 4.18 J/g-K.

六、說明以 DNA 選殖(DNA cloning)技術，獲得可以生產人類生長因子(growth hormone, GH)轉殖細菌(transgenic bacteria)之流程。並說明如何有效的篩選出可以產生該生長因子的菌落(colony)？

七、說明孟德爾如何進行豌豆之雙性狀雜交(dihybrid cross)？根據實驗結果，提出何種理論？若進行4性狀雜交(tetra-hybrid cross)，F2世代分別可獲得多少種基因型(genotype)及表現型(phenotype)的組合？

 (一) 2-hexanone

(二) pentanoic acid

(三) acetamide

(四) t-butyl alcohol

(五) octanal

九、請說明放射性元素之衰變有哪幾種類型？

十、請簡述克卜勒之行星運動三大定律(Kepler's Laws of Planetary Motion)。