1. Minimal groups are groups
(A) consisting of only two people.
(B) that occupy low-status positions in society.
(C) based on trivial distinction of minor importance
(D) with a long history of competition and antagonism.

1. A common misunderstanding about heritability is that (A) it applies to individuals rather than to groups. (B) the H/SE/NSE formulas can be accurately described. (C) researchers are honest about reporting their data. (D) animals, as well as humans, have heritability.

2. The Apgar test is used for assessing (A) the neonate’s physical health. (B) a couple’s suitability for parenthood. (C) the presence or absence of genetic defects. (D) the neonate’s level of psychological knowledge.

3. Through dishabituation, the infant tells the researcher, (A) “I see that the new stimulus differs from the others!” (B) “My mind is no longer a tabula rasa!” (C) “This experiment is boring!” (D) “I know how to learn!”

4. Children around the world learn their parents’ language at the same average pace. These  “linguistic universals” suggest to nativists that (A) language learning is based on the infantile diet. (B) similar language instruction is given in all cultures. (C) the brain is biologically programmed to learn language. (D) empiricism best explains the learning of language.

5. Cephalocaudal is to Proximodistal as ____ is to ____. (A) Masculine :: Feminine (B) Expansion :: Contraction (C) Downward :: Outward (D) Accuracy :: Error

2. Although she cheats on him, Oliver stays with his girlfriend because he doesn’t think he would  be able to find anyone better. Oliver has a(n) (A) low comparison level for alternatives. (B) high comparison level for alternatives. (C) secure attachment style. (D) avoidant attachment style.

3. The major difference between social cognitive theory and other learning approaches (e.g., Skinner) is that social learning theory (A) emphasizes developmental principles. (B) emphasizes learning in the absence of reinforcement. (C) emphasizes the interaction of reward and punishment. (D) emphasizes the role of unconditional positive regard.

3. The major difference between social cognitive theory and other learning approaches (e.g., Skinner) is that social learning theory (A) emphasizes developmental principles. (B) emphasizes learning in the absence of reinforcement. (C) emphasizes the interaction of reward and punishment. (D) emphasizes the role of unconditional positive regard.

2. Although she cheats on him, Oliver stays with his girlfriend because he doesn’t think he would be able to find anyone better. Oliver has a(n) (A)low comparison level for alternatives. (B) high comparison level for alternatives. (C)secure attachment style. (D) avoidant attachment style.

Social and Personality Psychology (40%) Multiple choice (5 point each, for total 15 points) 1. Minimal groups are groups (A) consisting of only two people. (B) that occupy low-status positions in society. (C) based on trivial distinction of minor importance (D)with a long history of competition and antagonism.

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