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(五)閱讀測驗 Scientist Paul Johnson and his team did a research on the result of feeding a lot of junk food to some rats. They had a serious goal: to try to understand how parts of the brain play a role in obesity. (Obesity is the condition of being very overweight, which has been linked to a variety of health problems.) The scientists observed that the more junk food the rats ate, the more they wanted to eat—a behavior very similar to that of rats addicted to heroin, a dangerous drug. Johnson told Science News the experiment shows that the brain chemistry of obesity and drug addiction may be quite similar. In their experiment, Johnson and his team studied the “pleasure center” of rats’ brains. The pleasure center is a complicated network of nerve cells. Together, these cells work as the body’s reward system. If the animal exercises or eats, the cells reward the animal by releasing chemicals into the body that make it feel good. And when the body feels good, the animal—or person—will want to do the behavior again. Pleasure centers can release these chemicals in less healthy ways, too. Drugs like heroin can cause the pleasurable chemicals to be released. For the experiment, Johnson fed foods like cheesecake, bacon and Ho Hos to one group of rats. These foods are all high in calories and high in fat. Another group of rats received a regular, nutritious diet. The rats that ate junk food started to eat more and more.
【題組】76. What controls rats’ desire of eating?
(A) brain
(B) exercise
(C) heroin
(D) obesity

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業精於勤，事立於豫 研一下 (2017/05/17)
什麼控制老鼠的飲食慾望？（A）腦。（........


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已上108油僱感謝阿摩及摩 高三下 (2019/09/29)

科學家保羅·約翰遜（Paul Johnson）和他的團隊對向一些老鼠餵食大量垃圾食品的結果進行了研究。他們有一個嚴肅的目標：試圖了解大腦的各個部分在肥胖中的作用。 （肥胖是一種超重的狀況，與許多健康問題有關。）科學家觀察到，老鼠吃的垃圾食品越多，他們想要吃的東西就越多，這種行為與成癮的老鼠非常相似。海洛因，一種危險藥物。約翰遜告訴《科學新聞》，實驗表明，肥胖症和藥物成癮的大腦化學性質可能非常相似。在他們的實驗中，約翰遜和他的團隊研究了老鼠大腦的“愉悅中心”。娛樂中心是神經細胞的複雜網絡。這些細胞一起作為人體的獎勵系統。如果動物運動或進食，細胞會通過釋放使人感覺良好的化學物質來獎勵動物。當身體感覺良好時，動物（或人）將希望再次執行該行為。遊樂中心也可能以較不健康的方式釋放這些化學物質。海洛因之類的藥物會導致釋放愉悅的化學物質。在實驗中，約翰遜給一組老鼠餵了芝士蛋糕，培根和Ho Hos等食物。這些食物都是高熱量和高脂肪的食物。另一組大鼠接受有規律的營養飲食。吃垃圾食品的老鼠開始吃越來越多。


(五)閱讀測驗 Scientist Paul Johnson and hi..-阿摩線上測驗