(C) Soil organic carbon (S..-阿摩線上測驗

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(C)

Soil organic carbon (SOC) plays a pivotal role in maintaining soil health, influencing its structure, fertility, and water retention capabilities. Beyond these agronomic benefits, SOC serves as a significant carbon reservoir, sequestering atmospheric carbon dioxide (CO₂) and thereby mitigating climate change. The equilibrium of SOC within the soil matrix is governed by a dynamic interplay between carbon inputs—primarily from plant photosynthesis—and outputs resulting from microbial decomposition and respiration.

The sequestration of carbon in soil is contingent upon several factors, including climatic conditions, soil mineralogy, and landuse practices. Climatic variables such as temperature and precipitation exert considerable influence over SOC dynamics. Elevated temperatures can accelerate microbial activity, leading to increased decomposition rates and subsequent CO₂ emissions. Conversely, higher precipitation levels may enhance plant productivity, thereby augmenting carbon inputs to the soil. However, excessive moisture can also create anaerobic conditions that slow decomposition, potentially leading to greater SOC accumulation. Soil mineral composition is another critical determinant of SOC storage. Research indicates that certain minerals, such as iron oxides and aluminous clays, have a pronounced capacity to adsorb organic carbon, thereby stabilizing it within the soil matrix. Soils rich in these minerals often exhibit higher SOC content due to the strong associations formed between organic matter and mineral surfaces, which protect organic carbon from microbial degradation.

Land-use practices significantly impact SOC levels. Agricultural activities, particularly those involving intensive tillage, can disrupt soil structure, leading to increased oxidation of organic matter and a consequent decline in SOC stocks. Conversely, adopting practices such as reduced tillage, cover cropping, and the incorporation of organic amendments can enhance SOC sequestration. Furthermore, the implementation of regenerative agricultural techniques has been shown to improve soil health and increase carbon storage, with emerging technologies like artificial intelligence aiding in the monitoring and verification of these practices.

The stability of SOC is not immutable; it is susceptible to perturbations from both anthropogenic and natural factors. For instance, alterations in land use, climate change, and soil management practices can disrupt the delicate balance of carbon inputs and outputs, leading to either the sequestration or release of carbon. Notably, studies have highlighted that certain ecosystems, such as the Arctic tundra, which historically served as carbon sinks, are transitioning to carbon sources due to rising global temperatures. In summary, SOC is a linchpin in the global carbon cycle, with profound implications for soil health and climate regulation. A comprehensive understanding of the myriad factors influencing SOC dynamics is essential for developing effective land management strategies aimed at enhancing carbon sequestration and mitigating the adverse effects of climate change.

【題組】

44. Which of the following is not identified in the passage as a factor that contributes to the increase of soil organic carbon (SOC)?
(A) The presence of soil minerals such as iron oxides and aluminous clays that stabilize organic matter
(B) Limited oxygen availability in waterlogged soils that slows down decomposition
(C) Warmer temperatures that stimulate microbial activity
(D) Increased plant productivity resulting from higher levels of precipitation

教甄◆英文科- 114 年 - 114-1 臺中市立臺中第二高級中等學校_教師甄選試題：英文科#126453

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【站僕】摩檸Morning：有沒有達人來解釋一下?

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	加賴叫過去高三下 (2025/04/20): 題目分析：題目要求找出文章中未被識別為有助於土壤有機碳（SOC）增加的因素。文章主題為土壤有機碳（SOC）在土壤健康和氣候調節中的作用，及其動態平衡的影響因素。需仔細分析文中提到的促進 SOC 增加的因素，並與選項逐一對比，找出不符合的選項。相關段落回顧：第一段：SOC 通過植物光合作用（碳輸入）和微生物分解及呼吸（碳輸出）維持動態平衡（"dynamic interplay between carbon inputs—primarily from plant photosynthesis—and outputs resulting from microbial decomposition and respiration"）。第二段：SOC 儲存受氣候條件、土壤礦物組成和土地使用影響。氣候條件：高溫加速微生物活動，增加分解和 CO₂ 排放（"Elevated temperatures can accelerate microbial activity, leading to increased decomposition rates and subsequent CO₂ emissions"）；高降水量增強植物生產力，增加碳輸入（"higher precipitation levels may enhance plant productivity, thereby augmenting carbon inputs to the soil"），但過多水分導致缺氧條件，減緩分解，可能增加 SOC 累積（"excessive moisture can also create anaerobic conditions that slow decomposition, potentially leading to greater SOC accumulation"）。土壤礦物：鐵氧化物和鋁質黏土等礦物吸附有機碳，穩定 SOC（"certain minerals, such as iron oxides and aluminous clays, have a pronounced capacity to adsorb organic carbon, thereby stabilizing it within the soil matrix"），這些土壤 SOC 含量較高（"Soils rich in these minerals often exhibit higher SOC content"）。第三段：土地使用影響 SOC，密集耕作減少 SOC（"increased oxidation of organic matter and a consequent decline in SOC stocks"），而減少耕作、覆蓋作物和有機改良劑增加 SOC（"practices such as reduced tillage, cover cropping, and the incorporation of organic amendments can enhance SOC sequestration"）。第四段：SOC 穩定性受土地使用、氣候變化和土壤管理影響，某些生態系統（如北極凍原）因高溫從碳匯轉為碳源（"transitioning to carbon sources due to rising global temperatures"）。 SOC 增加因素總結：高降水量：增強植物生產力，增加碳輸入（"augmenting carbon inputs to the soil"）。缺氧條件：過多水分減緩分解，促進 SOC 累積（"slow decomposition, potentially leading to greater SOC accumulation"）。土壤礦物：鐵氧化物和鋁質黏土穩定有機碳，增加 SOC（"stabilizing it within the soil matrix"）。土地使用：減少耕作、覆蓋作物、有機改良劑增加 SOC（"enhance SOC sequestration"）。高溫：加速分解，導致 SOC 減少（"increased decomposition rates and subsequent CO₂ emissions"），非增加因素。選項分析： (A) The presence of soil minerals such as iron oxides and aluminous clays that stabilize organic matter 分析：第二段提到鐵氧化物和鋁質黏土吸附有機碳，穩定 SOC（"have a pronounced capacity to adsorb organic carbon, thereby stabilizing it within the soil matrix"），導致 SOC 含量增加（"Soils rich in these minerals often exhibit higher SOC content"），(A) 是文章識別的 SOC 增加因素。結論：不正確，屬於 SOC 增加因素。 (B) Limited oxygen availability in waterlogged soils that slows down decomposition 分析：第二段提到過多水分導致缺氧條件（"excessive moisture can also create anaerobic conditions"），減緩分解（"slow decomposition"），可能增加 SOC 累積（"potentially leading to greater SOC accumulation"），(B) 是文章識別的 SOC 增加因素。結論：不正確，屬於 SOC 增加因素。 (C) Warmer temperatures that stimulate microbial activity 分析：第二段提到高溫加速微生物活動（"Elevated temperatures can accelerate microbial activity"），增加分解率和 CO₂ 排放（"leading to increased decomposition rates and subsequent CO₂ emissions"），這導致 SOC 減少而非增加。第四段也提到高溫使北極凍原從碳匯轉為碳源（"transitioning to carbon sources due to rising global temperatures"），確認高溫不利於 SOC 增加，(C) 不是文章識別的 SOC 增加因素。結論：正確，不屬於 SOC 增加因素。 (D) Increased plant productivity resulting from higher levels of precipitation 分析：第二段提到高降水量增強植物生產力（"higher precipitation levels may enhance plant productivity"），增加土壤碳輸入（"augmenting carbon inputs to the soil"），這促進 SOC 增加，(D) 是文章識別的 SOC 增加因素。結論：不正確，屬於 SOC 增加因素。 Correct Answer: (C) "Warmer temperatures that stimulate microbial activity" 結論：選項 (C) 正確，因為高溫加速微生物活動導致分解增加和 SOC 減少，不是文章識別的 SOC 增加因素。其他選項（(A)、(B)、(D)）均為文中明確提到的促進 SOC 增加的因素，(C) 是正確選擇。	0個讚	檢舉
	7Rose 國一下 (2025/04/21): 【題組】44. Which of the following is not identified in the passage as a factor that contributes to the increase of soil organic carbon (SOC)? Answer: (C) Warmer temperatures that stimulate microbial activity 解析：文本明確指出高溫會加速微生物分解，導致SOC減少（第二段："Elevated temperatures...increased decomposition rates"），故(C)是「減少」而非「增加」SOC的因素。其他選項均為增加SOC的因素： (A) 鐵氧化物和黏土礦物穩定有機碳（第二段） (B) 積水土壤缺氧減緩分解（第二段） (D) 降水增加提升植物生產力（第二段）	1個讚	檢舉

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