閱讀測驗 46-50
Feeling drowsy and tired after a bad night’s sleep? Here comes the good news: simply being told
you’ve slept well could help perk you up.
Most people are probably aware of the placebo effect. Taking a pill of any kind can make one feel
better, even if that pill has no active ingredients. The good news is that the placebo effect is not only
limited to gel capsules you take when you are ill. Nowadays, it’s possible to get placebo exercise and
even placebo sleep.
The phenomenon, called placebo sleep, involves telling people that they have got a good sleep even
when they haven’t. People who were told they got a good night’s sleep function better at work than those
who thought they slept poorly.
Scientists at Pennsylvania State University in the U.S. conducted a study in which research
participants were told that a new technology, which doesn’t actually exist, could measure their sleep
quality from the night before. They were connected to a machine monitoring brainwave frequency and
shown piles of spreadsheets and formulas. Then some were informed that their deep sleep or rapid eye
movement (REM) sleep had been above average the night before, a sign they were mentally alert. Others
were told their REM sleep from the night before had been below average. Research participants in both
groups were then informed of the importance of sleep quality to cognitive functioning.
Surprisingly, those who thought they had a good night’s sleep concentrated better and functioned
well at work. The effect of placebo sleep has to do with a participant’s mindset regarding his or her sleep
quality. While placebos are widely used in drug testing, the scientists say their experimental results
suggest the importance of perception and the brain’s role in health.
【題組】48. Read the following sentences from the reading passage. What does “they” refer to?
Scientists at Pennsylvania State University in the U.S. conducted a study in which research participants
were told that a new technology, which doesn’t actually exist, could measure their sleep quality from the
night before. They were connected to a machine monitoring brainwave frequency and shown piles of
spreadsheets and formulas. Then some were informed that their deep sleep or rapid eye movement
(REM) sleep had been above average the night before, a sign they were mentally alert.
(A) scientists (B) research participants (C) formulas (D) rapid eye movements
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