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John B. Calhoun did a classic series of experiments to determine the effects of overpopulation on communities of rats in the 1960s. In each of these experiments, an equal number of male and female adult rats were placed in an enclosure and given an adequate supply of food, water and other necessities. He allowed the rat populations to increase to approximately twice the number that could live in the enclosure without experiencing stress due to overcrowding. He then carefully observed and recorded behavior in these overpopulations communities. At the end of these experiments, Calhoun was able to conclude that overcrowding caused a breakdown in the normal social relationships among rats. The females, the most seriously affected by the high population density, showed deviant, pathological maternal behavior: they did not behave as mother rats normally do. For example, mothers sometimes abandoned their pops, and, without their mothers' care, the pops died. Under normal conditions, a mother rat would not leave her pops alone to die. The dominant male, the least affected by overpopulation, claimed an area of the enclosure as his own. Therefore, these individuals did not experience the overcrowding in the same way as the other rats did. They did behave pathologically at times. Their antisocial behavior consisted of attacks on weaker male, female, and immature rats. Nondominant males in the experiments also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. This segment of the rat population, like all the other parts, was affected by the overpopulation.
【題組】The nondominant males behave pathologically by which of the following behavior?
(A)Eating less
(B)Withdrawing
(C)Being inactive
(D)Avoiding other rats

答案：B,D
難度： 困難
3F
Lion Lin 大一上 (2015/10/21)

Nondominant males in the experiments also exhibited deviant social behavior. Some withdrew completely; they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping in order to avoid contact with them. Other nondominant males were hyperactive, chasing other rats and fighting each other. 

4F
業精於勤，事立於豫 研一下 (2017/05/12)

非統治的公鼠有以下哪種病理行為？

（A）少吃 --> (X), 

 they moved very little and ate and drank at times when the other rats were sleeping.

（B）退讓 --> (√), Some withdrew completely;

（C）不活動 --> Other nondominant males were hyperactive (活動過度)

（D）避免其他老鼠 --> (√)  in order to avoid contact with them

所以答案應該是(B)(D)

5F
【站僕】摩檸Morning 國三下 (2017/05/12)
原本答案為B,C,D,修改為B,D


John B. Calhoun did a classic series of ..-阿摩線上測驗