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1. Which of the following amino acid is branched at β-carbon? (A) Leucine (B) Threonine (C) Serine (D) Phenylalanine (E) Histidine

2. Eric uses a computer software to simulate a 20-residue peptide in different structures. Structure A is an α-helix structure; structure B is a β-strand; structure C is a helix in the collagen structure. The length of these structures should be: (A)C＞B＞A (B) C＞A＞B (C) B＞A＞C (D) A＞B＞C (E) B＞C＞A

3. Five students are discussing carbohydrate. Student A says: Glc(1α B1 )Fru is sucrose. Student B says: An aldohexose has 16 stereoisomers. Student C says: Hyaluronate and heparin are sulfated heteropolysaccharides. Student D says: The α and β anomers of D-glucose can freely interconvert in aqueous solution without breaking any bonds. Student E says: α -GalNAc is added to the side-chain of asparagine in N-linked glycosylation. How many students are correct? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C)3 (D) 4 (E) 5

4. Five students are discussing hexose structure. Student A says: D-glucose and b-glucosamine are different on C2. Student B says: D-glucose and L-glucose are different on C5. Student C says: D-glucose and D-glucuronic acid are different on C6. Student D says: a-D-glucose and B-D-glucose are different on Cl. Student E says: D-glucose and b-galactose are different on C4. How many students are correct? (A) 1 (B) 2 (C)3 (D) 4 (E) 5

5. Both water and glucose share an–OH that can serve as a substrate for a reaction with the terminal phosphate of ATP catalyzed by hexokinase. Glucose, however, is about a million times more reactive as a substrate than water. The best explanation is that: (A) the larger glucose binds better to the enzyme; it induces a conformational change in hexokinase that brings active-site amino acids into position for catalysis. (B) glucose has more –OH groups per molecule than does water. (C) the–OH group of water is attached to an inhibitory H atom, while the glucose –OH group is attached to C. (D) water and the second substrate, ATP, compete for the active site resulting in a competitive inhibition of the enzyme. (E) water normally will not reach the active site because it is hydrophobic.

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