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4. Goals nnd planning activities arc arranged in a hierarchy is based on 1l»e idea tliat accomplishing lower-level goals leads to accomplishing higher-level gofils. This type of arrangement, is called: ..........________________ (A) slratcgic planning; (B) tac(.ical planning; (C) operational planning; (D) nuinagcinenl by obj ectives; (E) means- end ciiain