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42. Which of the following is closest in meaning to controls in the second paragraph? (A) Subjects used for making comparisons. (B) Control panels for playing baseball games. (C) Abilities for demonstrating non-athletic skills. (D) Baseball players knowing little about eye-tracking.

43. Why is the study by Classes et al. (1997) cited in the third paragraph? (A) It is cited because the study was the only one using tachistoscpic tests. (B) It is cited as the findings are contradictory to those in previous studies. (C) It is cited for the reason of studying the largest number of professional baseball players. (D) It is cited to substantiate the correlations between visual skills and baseball performance.

44. What is the ongoing debate discussed in the last paragraph? (A) The sense, either visual or perceptual, that influences athletes’ performance most directly. (B) Which of the two, computing hardware or program software, is needed for training baseball batters. (C) Whether athletic expertise is acquired by improving visual skills or by enhancing cognitive abilities. (D) The technology, hardware or software, that improves eyesight of baseball players, including pitchers.

45. According to the passage, which of the following statements is correct? (A) Pitchers are not subjects in this trend of research because of bad eye sight. (B) Findings of studies on what contribute to athletic expertise are still inconclusive. (C) The findings of the study on college baseball athletes agree with the software claim. (D) Using baseball players as subjects to examine sensorimotor skills is that they are well paid.

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