複選題
12.Which of the following elements can be considered as eukaryotic promoters?
(A) TATA box
(B) CAAT box
(C) CpG islands
(D) Shine-Dalgarno sequence
(E) Okazaki fragments

複選題8. Identify the protein modifications present on histones that play a crucial role in the epigenetic regulation of gene functions. (A) Acetylation (B) Methylation (C) Palmitoylation (D) Glutamylation (E) SUMOylation

複選題9. Which of the following statements about transposons is/are CORRECT? (A) Transposons usually contain short inverted terminal repeat sequences. (B) Being named as retrotransposons if RNA intermediates are involved in the transposition. (C) Transposons can cause spread of antibiotic resistance within a bacteria population. (D) Only exist in metazoan genomes (E) Transposases is not necessarily encoded in the transposon.

複選題10. Which of the following statements about transcription is/are CORRECT? (A) Transcription factors function to help move ribosomes along the mRNA. (B) The release of pyrophosphate from a nucleoside triphosphate drive the reaction. (C) RNA is synthesized from the 5' end to the 3' end. (D) Transcription requires the use of primer (E) DNA and RNA base pairing includes A to U and G to C.

複選題11. Which of the following statements about RNA polymerase is/are CORRECT? (A) RNA polymerase I is responsible for producing all rRNA. (B) RNA polymerase II is responsible for producing all mRNA. (C) RNA polymerase III is responsible for producing all tRNA. (D) All three RNA polymerase are located in the nucleoplasm for RNA synthesis functions. (E) All three RNA polymerase are sensitive to the mushroom toxin o-amanitin, which blocks the elongation phase of RNA synthesis.

複選題13. Which of the following statements is/are TRUE? (A)Restriction endonucleases can produce "blunt ends". (B) Enzymes that seal nicks in DNA are called ligases. (C) Proteins are the only substrates of kinases. (D) Enzymes known as HATs phosphorylate histones. (E) Enzymes known as HDACs deacetylate histones.

複選題14. What mechanism can microRNAs, small non-coding regulatory RNAs, utilize to reduce gene expression? (A) Repress the translation of target mRNA (B) Trigger the cleavage of target mRNA (C) Trigger the decapping of target mRNA (D) Enhance the polyadenylation of target mRNA (E) Accumulate target mRNAs in the P-bodies for degradation.

複選題15. Which of the following techniques can be used to measure the amount of a specific mRNA in a sample? (A)Western blot analysis (B) Southern blot analysis (C) Northern blot analysis (D) RNase protection assay (E) quantitative reverse transcription PCR

複選題16. Which of the following statements regarding protein synthesis is/are CORRECT? Ribosomes use the information carried by mRNA to make protein (B) Since the genetic code is read in groups of three bases, any nucleic acid sequence contains three possible frames (C) In protein synthesis, the anticodon of rRNA recognizes the codon on mRNA by base pairing. (D) Codons that differ in either of their first two bases can be recognized by the same tRNA. (E) Proteins are linear polymers made from amino acids. Most proteins fold into complex 3D structures. (A)

17.Which of the following methods can separate proteins based on their mass? (A) SDS polyacrylamide gel electrophoresis (B) Isoelectric focusing electrophoresis (C) Ion exchange chromatography (D) Gel filtration chromatography (E) Centrifugation

複選題18.The fluidity of lipid membrane in cells is influenced by? (A) Temperature (B) The amount of unsaturated fatty acyl chain (C) The length of the fatty acid chain (D) The amount of the cholesterol (E) The nature of the membrane-associated proteins