複選題
25. Which of the following statements related to noncoding RNA is/are TURE:
(A) The noncoding RNA represent RNAs that are not coded for proteins, including tRNA and ribosomal RNAs
(B) Noncoding RNAs can be made by all three types of RNA polymerase
(C) MicroRNAs are made by RNA polymerase I
(D) Nucleotides in both ribosomal RNA and tRNA are heavily modified.
(E) microRNA regulate gene expression is most often at their DNA level

21.Please select the CORRECT description from the following options related to nucleic acids: (A) A is mostly base paired with C (B) Structure of nucleotides are composed of six-member ring sugar, base and phosphate group. (C) The linkage between nucleotides is phosphodiester bond (D) Nucleic acids at neutral pH buffer (pH=7) are highly negatively charged (E) Quantification of DNA is based on absorbance 280nm

複選題22. Please select the CORRECT description from the following options which are related to DNA synthesis during cell replication (A) DNA synthesis can be either direction depends on where the primer is located (B) The short DNA fragments formed during DNA replication is called okazaki fragment (C) During DNA replication, short DNA will serve as a primer for the synthesis of new DNA strand (D) Ligation between DNA fragments only occurs during DNA repair, not standard DNA replication process (E) Since DNA polymerase can faithfully replicate the other strand of DNA, the length of DNA is always the same

複選題23. Which of following statement regarding chromatin regulation is/are CORRECT: (A) Histone methylation only results in suppression of gene expression (B) Both DNA and histones can be methylation in human cells (C) Euchromatin represent a highly packed chromatin (D) RNA polymerase II occupancy on DNA region represent the lightly packed DNA region (E) Histone Acetylation results in gene activation of the modified genes

複選題24. Which of the following statements related to eukaryotic RNA is/are TURE: (A) mRNA is made by RNA polymerase II (B) Cap structure and polyA is an RNA modification after RNA is made, thus it is independent of the type of RNA polymerase that is used to make the RNA. (C) PolyA tail is a string of A encoded in the DNA sequence (D) The standard RNA degradation is initiated by decaping and polyA shortening. (E) Nonsense-mediated decay (NMD) is an RNA degradation mechanism depends on the translation status of the RNAs.

複選題26. Which of following statements regarding eukaryotic translation is/are TURE: (A) Translation is a protein making process, but this process still requires the capping structure of the mRNAs (B) One transcript could encode multiple coding sequences in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic system (C) RNA splicing and translation occur simultaneously in both eukaryotic and prokaryotic system. (D) Prior to 5' mRNA capping, the 5' end group of mRNA is tri-phosphate. (E) A premature stop codon will not only affect the production of functional proteins, will also cause the instability of mRNAs

複選題27.CRISPR is a famous genome-editing tool. Which of following statement is/are TRUE: (A) CRISPR is discovered as a bacterial immune system (B) Cas-9 protein is found in all bacterial CRISPR system (C) Two major components that introduced into mammalian cell for genome editing are cas-9 protein and guide DNA (D) Creating gene deletion using CRISPR rely on the mistake of DNA repairing system in the host cell (E) Introducing GFP tagging endogenous protein using CRISPR relies on non-homologous end joining DNA repairing system.

複選題28. For the following statements of various biological processes in different cell compartments, which statements is/are TURE: (A) Nucleolus is located in the nucleus (B) Ribosomal RNAs are made in the cytoplasm (C) RNA splicing takes place in the cytoplasm (D) Mitochondria has its own DNA and RNA (E) The function of ribosomal RNAs is protein translation.

複選題29. Which of the following amino acid residues are positively charged in buffer with pH 7: (A) Arginine (B) Aspartate (C) Phenylalanine (D) Lysine (E) Tryptophan

複選題30. What the following statements for enzyme is/are TURE: (A) Catalytic activity and substrate binding activity can not be separated (B) Catalytic function of an enzyme mostly relies on the charged group on the amino acid side chains (C) In Michaelis-Menten curve, same amount of enzyme with defects in substrate binding can never reach to the same Vmax as wild-type (D) The velocity (V) of catalysis of an enzyme is constant and it is independent of substrate concentration (E) Dissociation constant (Kd) can be used to represent the binding affinity between enzyme and substrate

複選題31.Regulation of transcription in mammalian cells (A) altering the spacing between promoter-proximal elements or enchancers and the TATA box has been shown to have more effect on transcription from some eukaryotic promoters. (B) some transcription factors can form heterodimers, and have less advantages to cells. (C) DNA-binding domain and activation domain can be in different protein subunits. (D) involves hormone receptors normally found in the nucleus. (E) as the number of initiation-complex components bound to the promoter increases, the gel migration of the DNA-protein complex will decrease.