複選題
31.Which amino acid is (are) hydrophobic?
(A) Aspartic acid
(B) Tryptophan
(C) Leucine
(D) Glutamine
(E) Serine

複選題32.Which of the following description is (are) CORRECT regarding chemical bonds? (A) Van der Waals interactions are weak attractive interactions caused by transient dipoles. (B)Covalent bonds are much weaker than noncovalent interactions. (C) Hydrogen bonds are covalent bonds that determine the water solubility of uncharged molecules. (D) Molecular complementarity due to noncovalent interaction leads to a lock-and-key fit between biomolecules. (E) Ionic interactions are attraction between oppositely charged molecules.

複選題33. Which of the following description is (are) CORRECT regarding protein structure and function? (A) Secondary structures are the core elements of protein architecture, including o helix, B sheet, and B turn. (B) Protein tertiary structure are resulted from hydrophobic interactions, hydrogen bonds and ionic interactions. (C) Folding of proteins in vivo is promoted by chaperones, which utilize ATP hydrolysis to assist protein folding. (D) Abnormally folded proteins can form amyloids and lead to human diseases, such as Alzheimer's disease and Parkinson's disease. (E) The structure and function of a protein is only determined by its amino acid sequence.

複選題34. Which of the following description for regulating protein function is (are) CORRECT? (A) Regulated synthesis and degradation of proteins is a fundamental property of cells. (B) Protein functions could be regulated by covalent or noncovalent modification. (C) Many of the regulations for protein activity are reversible. (D) Noncovalent binding of calcium and GTP are widely used as allosteric switches to control protein activity. (E) Proteolytic cleavage irreversibly activates or inactivates some proteins.

複選題35. Which of the following is affected by the presence of epigenetic marks? (A) Development (B) Imprinting (C) X-chromosome inactivation (D) Maturation ofRNA (E) Unique expression patterns in different cells

複選題36. Which of the following description about topoisomerase is (are) CORRECT? (A) Both prokaryotes and eukaryotes have topoisomerases that are capable of removing supercoilds from DNA. (B) Topoisomerases use a covalent protein-DNA linkage to cleave and rejoin DNA strands. (C) Topoisomerase are of two general types. In contrast to type II, type I topoisomerase do not require the energy of ATP hydrolysis. (D) Topoisomerase can also decatenate, disentangle and unknot DNA. (E) Topoisomerases are required in many cellular processes, such as transcription, replication and recombination, and are the target of several cancer chemotherapeutic agents.

複選題37. Which of the following description about RNAs is (are) CORRE CT? (A)Non-coding RNAs constitute the majority of the transcripts and are mostly non-functional, representing merely as evolutionary remnants in gene expression. (B) Messenger RNAs (mRNAs) are mainly synthesized by RNA polymerase II in eukaryotic cells. (C) microRNAs mainly function in the transcriptional or post-transcriptional regulation of gene expression by a sequence mis-match mechanism (D) RNA cannot serve as carriers of genetic information. Only DNA does. (E) RNA can act as an enzyme.

複選題38. Which of the following description about viruses is (are) CORRECT? (A)Viruses are small parasites that can replicate only in host cells. (B)Viral genomes could be either DNA, RNA, or RNA: DNA hybrid. (C)Viruses that infect bacteria are called phages, and are studied as alternative agents to antibiotics. (D) Enveloped viruses are viruses covered by external membranes that consist mainly of phospholipid bilayer and virus-encoded proteins. (E) Retroviruses are enveloped animal viruses containing a RNA genome which could integrate into host chromosomal DNA after penetrating into cells and reverse transcribed into DNA.

複選題39.Which of the following is (are) NOT a component of a ribonucleotide? (A) Glucose (B) Ribose (C) Uracil (D) Thymine (E) Adenine

複選題40. Which of the following statements is (are) TURE of histone tails? (A) They protrude between the two DNA strands that supercoil around the nucleosome. (B) They can be modified by acetylation, methylation, phosphorylation and ubiquitinylation. (C) They experience changes in net charge, shape, and other properties of histones in response to modifications. (D) The reversible acetylation and deacetylation of lysine residues in the tails of the core histones regulate chromatin condensation. (E) They have enzymatic properties that can covalently modify DNA.

複選題1. 酵母菌人工染色體（yeast artificial chromosome，YAC）是一種人造的高容量選殖載體，可在酵母菌細胞內複製。下列何者為構成一個 YAC 所必須的組成成 分？(2 分) (A)端粒序列 (telomeric sequence) (B) 著絲粒序列 (centromeric sequence) (C) 限制酶切割序列 (restriction sequence) (D)反轉錄酶基因序列 (reverse transcriptase sequence) (E) 自主複製序列 (autonomously replicating sequence)

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