請依下文回答第 41 題至第 45 題：
Who owns the seas has always been a difficult concept. In 1945, President Truman extended U.S. jurisdiction to the
end of its continental shelf. The continuation of the land mass underwater until it drops down to the ocean floor. Then
the U.S. built the world's first off shore oil platform out of sight of land in the Gulf of Mexico in 1947, 10 and a half
miles off the Louisiana coast. That started a race to claim oceanic resources. This 41 a lot of countries clashing
over their perceived rights. For example, the UK and Iceland had no less than three disputes known as "Cod Wars" over
the fish in 42 are now Icelandic waters.
To mediate these disputes, the United Nations Convention on the Law of the Sea or UNCLOS was drawn up and
came into force in 1994. It carved up maritime territory into four main sections, typically 43 from the low water
line on a nation's shores. Within the territorial waters, a state can regulate use and has ownership over any resources
found within. Foreign states can sail through but they have to 44 the nation's laws. Within the contiguous zone, a
state can continue to enforce laws in four specific areas, customs, taxation, immigration and pollution. Within the
exclusive economic zone, the state has the sole rights over natural resources but foreign states may sail through, lay
underwater cables and even pass through for military reasons. And on the continental shelf, a state has the rights to
resources in the subsoil of the continental shelf but not the water column above 45 it is beyond the EEZ. Although 168 parties have ratified UNCLOS, it has far from resolved maritime territory disputes.
【題組】44 (A) abide by (B) put aside (C) fall apart (D) pass out
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