46 What is the best topic of this passage?
(A)The Foundation of Chronobiology.
(B)The Feature of Life Cycle.
(C)The Internal and External Environments.
(D)The Overview of Biological Mechanism.

Google翻譯：世界上最引人注目的功能之一是晝夜循環。幾乎所有物種的行為和/或生理狀況都每天發生變化。這些日常節奏不僅僅是對地球繞其軸心旋轉施加的24小時物理環境變化的反應，而是源自生物體內的計時系統。這種計時系統或生物“時鐘”使生物體能夠預測和準備與晝夜相關的物理環境變化，從而確保生物體在適當的時間“正確地做事”。天。

The synchrony同步 of an organism with both its external and internal environments is critical關鍵的 to the organism’s well-being and survival; a lack of synchrony between the organism and the external environment may lead to the individual’s immediate demise死亡. For example, if a nocturnal夜間的 rodent嚙齒動物 were to venture冒險 from its burrow洞穴；隱藏處 during broad daylight, the rodent would be exceptionally easy prey被捕食的動物 for other animals. Similarly, a lack of synchrony within the internal environment might lead to health problems in the individual, such as those associated with jet lag, shift work, and the accompanying sleep loss.

Google翻譯：生物體與其外部和內部環境的同步性對生物體的福祉和生存至關重要。生物體與外部環境之間缺乏同步可能會導致個體立即死亡。例如，如果夜間囓齒類動物在光天化日之下要從洞穴中冒險，那麼囓齒類動物將非常容易成為其他動物的獵物。同樣，內部環境缺乏同步性也可能導致個人健康問題，例如與時差，輪班工作以及隨之而來的睡眠障礙相關的健康問題。

The mechanisms機械裝置 underlying the biological timekeeping systems and the potential consequences of their failure are among the issues addressed by researchers in the field of chronobiology時間生物學. Although no single experiment serves as the defining下定義；明確 event from which to date the beginning of modern research in chronobiology, studies conducted引導 in the 1950s on circadian全天的 rhythmicity節律 in fruit flies and in humans can be considered its foundation基本原則；基金會. The area of sleep research, which also is subsumed納入；包含 under the field of chronobiology, evolved發展；逐步形成 somewhat independently, with the identification of various sleep stages around the same time.

Google翻譯：生物計時系統的基礎機制及其失效的潛在後果，是計時生物學領域研究人員解決的問題之一。儘管至今還沒有單一的實驗可以作為計時生物學的開端，但1950年代有關果蠅和人類的晝夜節律性研究仍被認為是其基礎。睡眠研究領域也屬於時間生物學領域，它在一定程度上是獨立發展的，並在同一時間確定了各個睡眠階段。