第 42 題至第 46 題為題組 In earlier time periods, the absence of dramatic transition to adult life allowed a more intensive interaction among
different age groups within the family and the community, thus providing a greater sense of continuity and
interdependence among people at various stages of life. But, as greater differentiation in stages of life began to
develop, social and economic functions became more closely related to age, and the ages of family members became
more streamlined, a greater segregation between age groups emerged. The major changes that have led to the isolation of older people in society today were rooted not so much in
changes in family structure or residential arrangements, as has generally been argued, as in the transformation and
redefinition of family functions and values. Under the impact of industrialization, the family surrendered many of the
functions previously concentrated within the household to other social institutions. The retreat and growing privatism
of the modern middle-class family led to the drawing of sharper boundaries between family and community and
intensified the segregation of different age groups within the family, leading to the elimination of older people from
visible family roles. The transfer of social-welfare functions, one concentrated in the family, to institutions in the larger
society further contributed to the segregation of older people. The care of dependent, sick, delinquent, and elderly
members of the community, which had been considered part of the family’s obligation in the pre-industrial period, was
gradually transferred to specialized institution such as asylums and reformatories. The family ceased to be the only
available source of support for its dependent members, and the community ceased to rely on the family as the major
agency of welfare and social control.
【題組】45 According to the passage, which of the following is a possible way to reduce the sense of isolation of older
people?
(A) To abolish the structure of the traditional family
(B) To integrate older people into mixed age family groups
(C) To transfer older people to specialized institutions
(D) To reduce the scope of social-welfare function
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