醫學六：80題 ( 包括麻醉科,眼科,耳鼻喉科,婦產科,復健科等科目及其及相關臨床實例與醫學倫理 )題庫下載題庫

●OCs may be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, because MI is an extremely rare event in otherwise healthy women of reproductive age, even a doubling of the risk would result in an extremely low attributable risk. Risk in older women who smoke outweighs the risk of an unwanted pregnancy. Low-dose OCs may be associated with a small increase in stroke risk. If present, the absolute increase in risk is extremely low, particularly in healthy women under age 35 years (nonsmokers without hypertension). Risk appears to be similar for different progestins, and th...

●OCs may be associated with an increased risk of myocardial infarction (MI). However, because MI is an extremely rare event in otherwise healthy women of reproductive age, even a doubling of the risk would result in an extremely low attributable risk. Risk in older women who smoke outweighs the risk of an unwanted pregnancy. Low-dose OCs may be associated with a small increase in stroke risk. If present, the absolute increase in risk is extremely low, particularly in healthy women under age 35 years (nonsmokers without hypertension). Risk appears to be similar for different progestins, and the risk of hemorrhagic stroke does not appear to be increased. (See 'Cardiovascular disease' above.)

●An increase in the risk of venous thromboembolic disease (VTE) is seen with both high and low-dose estrogen OC preparations. Although the reduction in steroid content of OCs has improved the safety and side effect profile of the pill, the increased risk of venous thrombosis has not been eliminated. Risk is affected by patient age, weight, and thrombophilia status. The type of progestin also affects risk. A pooled analysis of studies regarding the use of OCs found that the risk ratios for thromboembolism in women taking non-third-generation OCs compared with women who did not take an OC ranged from 1.1 to 4.8 (depending upon the type of study). However, the absolute risk of thromboembolism is very low in healthy women, and the potential risk of VTE with the use of OCs is far less than the risks associated with unintended pregnancy. (See 'Venous thromboembolic disease' above.)

●The risk of ovarian and endometrial cancer are both reduced with OC use. The risk of cervical cancer appears to be increased, while data on breast cancer are conflicting. (See 'Risk of cancer' above.)